【摘要】：音速噴嘴因穩(wěn)定性好,價(jià)格低等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),國內(nèi)外普遍采用其作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表,對其它類型的氣體流量計(jì)進(jìn)行量值傳遞。流出系數(shù)是衡量音速噴嘴流量特性的重要指標(biāo),其值由滯止壓力密切相關(guān)。本論文基于高壓p VTt法氣體流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置,就滯止壓力對音速噴嘴流出系數(shù)的影響開展了系統(tǒng)研究。2014年底,中國計(jì)量科學(xué)研究院建成一套高壓氣體流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置,包括高壓p VTt氣體流量原級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置、高壓音速噴嘴法氣體流量次級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置及高壓環(huán)道氣體流量工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置。作為本論文的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的高壓p VTt氣體流量原級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置,其擴(kuò)展不確定度為0.06%(k=2),通過對實(shí)驗(yàn)過程的嚴(yán)格控制,校準(zhǔn)音速噴嘴流出系數(shù)的擴(kuò)展不確定度為0.08%(k=2)。基于高壓pVTt氣體流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置測試能力,選取了喉徑(1.921~12.444)mm范圍內(nèi),共計(jì)18支音速噴嘴,在滯止壓力(0.1~2.5)MPa范圍內(nèi),就滯止壓力對流出系數(shù)的影響進(jìn)行研究,得到以下三點(diǎn)結(jié)論:1)不同滯止壓力下,同一塊音速噴嘴的流出系數(shù)變化可達(dá)2.3%。流出系數(shù)隨音速噴嘴邊界層的轉(zhuǎn)變呈現(xiàn)顯著的規(guī)律:層流邊界層,流出系數(shù)持續(xù)顯著增加;過渡邊界層內(nèi),流出系數(shù)隨雷諾數(shù)增加產(chǎn)生一個(gè)減小的“跳躍”;湍流邊界層內(nèi),流出系數(shù)緩慢增加;2)基于ISO9300-n模型和NMIJ-2013模型,本文提出NIM-2016模型,該模型對實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果預(yù)測不確定度低于0.30%(k=2);以3支音速噴嘴作為傳遞標(biāo)準(zhǔn),通過新建pVTt標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置與原有p VTt裝置及德國PTB的氣體流量裝置間的比對,比對結(jié)果的一致性對新建高壓裝置的測量能力和NIM-2016模型予以了驗(yàn)證。3)音速噴嘴邊界層過渡的雷諾數(shù)與喉徑直接相關(guān),基于實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,本文提出音速噴嘴邊界層過渡雷諾數(shù)與喉徑間的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,并通過已有他人實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對其進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:Because of its good stability and low price, sonic nozzles are widely used as standard tables at home and abroad to transfer the values of other types of gas Flowmeters. The efflux coefficient is an important index to measure the flow characteristics of sonic nozzles, and its value is closely related to the stagnation pressure. Based on the gas flow standard device of high pressure p VTt method, this paper has carried out a systematic study on the effect of stagnation pressure on the efflux coefficient of sonic nozzles. At the end of 2014, a set of high pressure gas flow standard equipment was built in the China Institute of Metrology. It includes high pressure p VTt gas flow primary standard device, high pressure sonic nozzle method gas flow secondary standard device and high pressure loop gas flow working standard device. As the experimental platform of this paper, the expansion uncertainty of the high pressure p VTt gas flow level standard device is 0.06% (KG ~ 2). Through strict control of the experimental process, the extended uncertainty of calibrating the outflow coefficient of the sonic nozzle is 0.08% (KN ~ 2). Based on the test capability of high pressure pVTt gas flow standard device, 18 sonic nozzles with throat diameter (1.921 ~ 12.444) mm were selected to study the effect of stagnation pressure on efflux coefficient in the range of (0.1 ~ 2.5) MPa. The following three conclusions: 1) under different stagnation pressure, the efflux coefficient of the same sonic nozzle can reach 2.3. The efflux coefficient changes with the boundary layer of the sonic nozzle, such as laminar flow boundary layer, the outflow coefficient increases significantly, in the transition boundary layer, the outflow coefficient produces a small "jump" with the increase of Reynolds number, and in the turbulent boundary layer, the outflow coefficient increases with the increase of Reynolds number. On the basis of ISO9300-n model and NMIJ-2013 model, this paper presents a NIM-2016 model, which has less than 0.30% (km2) uncertainty in predicting experimental results, and takes three sonic nozzles as the transfer standard. By comparing the new pVTt standard device with the original p VTt device and the gas flow device of PTB in Germany, The consistency of the comparison results verifies that the Reynolds number of the boundary layer transition of the sonic nozzle is directly related to the throat diameter for the measurement capability and NIM-2016 model of the newly built high-pressure device, and based on the experimental results, the Reynolds number of the boundary layer of the sonic nozzle is directly related to the throat diameter. This paper presents an empirical formula between the Reynolds number of the boundary layer and the throat diameter of the sonic nozzle, which has been verified by other experimental results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH814

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