本文選題：聲學多普勒流速剖面儀 + 波束散射模型　； 參考：《哈爾濱工程大學》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：聲學多普勒流速剖面儀(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,以下簡稱為ADCP)是一種既可以測量相對水底速度,同時又可以兼顧測量相對水流速度的聲納設備。ADCP既可以用于艦船的定位導航,又可以廣泛應用于海洋及內(nèi)陸河流的測流領(lǐng)域。作為一種測速儀器ADCP在河流和海洋工程中得到了越來越多的應用,對于聲學多普勒測流技術(shù)的研究日益受到了人們的關(guān)注。本文的主要工作是對聲學多普勒測流過程中所涉及到的幾個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進行研究,主要包括測流信號形式分析與回波建模、流速測量方式的差異與性能估計、寬帶束控技術(shù)以及換能器安裝校準技術(shù)等。具體的研究內(nèi)容和得到的結(jié)果如下: (1)基于分辨理論對發(fā)射信號形式進行了研究。分析了單載頻矩形脈沖、相干脈沖串和編碼相干脈沖串等3種信號形式在多普勒測流中的適用情況。流速測量是指波束空間內(nèi)大量散射體的多普勒頻移信息的感知和處理,基于此提出了旨在分析接收回波的波束散射模型,并對水底回波和流層回波進行了仿真。與試驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析對比結(jié)果說明了波束散射模型的正確性。以上的工作為多普勒測流的性能評估打下了基礎。 (2)總結(jié)了多普勒流速測量的三種方式,即非相干、相干和寬帶方式�？梢钥吹�,非相干方式適合于層厚要求不高以及大作用距離的測流應用場合;相干方式適合于淺水高分辨的測流應用場合;寬帶方式則集中了兩者的優(yōu)點,它可看成是非相干方式與相干方式的結(jié)合體。以建立的波束散射模型和快速靈活的復自相關(guān)方法為基礎,對不同的測流方式進行了仿真統(tǒng)計,結(jié)果表明:非相干方式的標準誤差在幾十厘米/秒;相干方式的測速標準誤差可以達到毫米/秒的量級;而寬帶方式的標準誤差可以達到幾厘米/秒的量級。相比于非相干方式,寬帶方式由于增大了信號時寬帶寬乘積而使得測流精度得到了改善。 (3)研究了束控技術(shù)�？梢钥吹较嘁剖丶夹g(shù)利用了窄帶信號的周期性,此時窄帶信號的相移等效為聲程差對應的時間延遲。當涉及到寬帶信號時,相移束控展寬了束寬且產(chǎn)生了信號失真。針對于此提出了寬帶信號時延束控解決方案。仿真結(jié)果表明,時延束控技術(shù)可以不失真地收發(fā)窄帶和寬帶信號,這就使得ADCP利用束控技術(shù)實現(xiàn)換能器寬帶信號的收發(fā)成為了可能。 (4)研究了走航式ADCP聲學換能器的安裝誤差校準技術(shù)。利用走航式ADCP的水底回波數(shù)據(jù)、姿態(tài)儀數(shù)據(jù)與DGPS數(shù)據(jù),提出了基于DGPS的最小二乘方法對聲學換能器的三維安裝偏角誤差進行校準,并建立了完整的參數(shù)解算公式。從中可以看出三個安裝偏角在坐標轉(zhuǎn)換時是以旋轉(zhuǎn)矩陣的方式起作用,因此沒有必要解出具體安裝偏角,而是將該旋轉(zhuǎn)矩陣作為未知數(shù)直接求解并進一步進行航跡推算。試驗結(jié)果表明,基于DGPS的最小二乘方法極大地減小了因換能器安裝偏角引入的系統(tǒng)誤差,可以使測流精度顯著提高。
[Abstract]:The acoustic Doppler flow profiler (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, hereinafter referred to as ADCP) is a kind of sonar device, which can both measure relative water velocity and measure the relative flow velocity of the sonar equipment,.ADCP can be used for ship positioning and navigation, and can be widely used in the field of ocean and inland river flow measurement. A speed measuring instrument, ADCP, has been used more and more in the river and ocean engineering. The research of acoustic Doppler flow measurement has attracted more and more attention. The main work of this paper is to study several key technologies involved in the acoustic Doppler flow measurement, including the analysis and return of the flow measurement signal. Wave modeling, velocity measurement mode difference and performance estimation, broadband beam control technology and transducer installation calibration technology, etc. specific research content and results are as follows:
(1) based on the theory of resolution, the form of the emission signal is studied. The application of 3 signal forms, such as single carrier frequency rectangular pulse, coherent pulse string and coded coherent pulse string, in Doppler flow measurement is analyzed. The velocity measurement refers to the perception and processing of the Doppler shift information of a large number of scatterers in the beam space. Based on this, the aim is to put forward the purpose. The beam scattering model of the received echo is analyzed, and the underwater echo and the flow layer echo are simulated. The result of analysis and comparison with the experimental data shows the correctness of the beam scattering model. The above work lays a foundation for the performance evaluation of Doppler flow measurement.
(2) the three ways of Doppler flow measurement are summed up, namely, incoherent, coherent and wide-band methods. It can be seen that incoherent modes are suitable for a current application where the thickness requirements are not high and the distance is large. The coherent mode is suitable for shallow water and high resolution flow measurement applications; the broadband mode concentrates the advantages of both. The combination of coherent mode and coherent mode. Based on the established beam scattering model and fast and flexible complex autocorrelation method, the simulation of different flow measurement methods is carried out. The results show that the standard error of the incoherent mode is tens of centimeters per second; the standard error of the coherent mode can reach the magnitude of millimeter / second; and the wideband is wide. The standard error of the method can reach the magnitude of a few centimeters per second. Compared to the incoherent mode, the broadband method improves the accuracy of the flow measurement due to the increase of the wide band width of the signal.
(3) the beam control technology is studied. It can be seen that the phase shift control technology uses the periodicity of the narrow band signal. At this time, the phase shift of the narrow band signal is equivalent to the time delay corresponding to the sound path difference. When the wideband signal is involved, the phase shift beam broadens the beam width and produces the signal distortion. The real results show that the time-delay beam control technology can transmit and receive narrowband and wideband signals without distortion, which makes it possible for ADCP to use beam control technology to transmit and receive broadband signal of the transducer.
(4) the installation error calibration technique of the navigable ADCP acoustic transducer is studied. Using the underwater echo data of the navigable ADCP, the attitude instrument data and the DGPS data, the least square method based on DGPS is proposed to calibrate the three-dimensional installation deflection error of the acoustic transducer, and a complete parameter calculation formula is set up. From this, we can see that three It is not necessary to solve the specific installation deflection, but to solve the rotation matrix as an unknowns and to further carry out the trajectory calculation. The results show that the least square method based on DGPS greatly reduces the system introduced by the installation deflection angle of the transducer. The error of the system can improve the accuracy of the flow measurement.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：TB565

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