【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡作為現(xiàn)代監(jiān)測技術的前沿科技,集成信息采集、處理、無線通信等功能,其有效生存周期對其工作性能有重要意義。高效地分簇和路由算法能夠節(jié)省能量,均衡網(wǎng)絡能耗,有效延長網(wǎng)絡生命周期。本文在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡能耗數(shù)學模型的基礎上,詳細分析傳統(tǒng)WSN協(xié)議的優(yōu)缺點,旨在針對實際存在的問題與不足提出改進措施與策略,從而減少網(wǎng)絡能耗,均衡傳感器節(jié)點負載。在無線傳感器節(jié)點初始能量相等,數(shù)據(jù)采集內(nèi)容不同的應用環(huán)境中,本文提出了基于改進k-means聚類的分簇路由優(yōu)化算法(KMSC)。首先運用能耗數(shù)學模型推導出網(wǎng)絡的最優(yōu)分簇數(shù),利用聚類算法k-means對傳感器節(jié)點進行聚類。其次對所得到的聚類按照既定規(guī)則進行簇內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)整,得到負載均衡的靜態(tài)固定簇。之后的數(shù)據(jù)采集周期中僅在固定簇內(nèi)更新簇首信息。最后在簇間通信時采用基于最短有效轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)距離多跳算法,當簇首到基站的距離小于d0采用單跳傳輸,當簇首到基站的距離大于d0時采用多跳傳輸。搭建傳感器網(wǎng)絡模型,對上述算法進行仿真驗證。仿真分析表明本文算法能夠較好地均衡網(wǎng)絡負載,減少能量損耗,提高網(wǎng)絡的生存周期。
[Abstract]:As the frontier technology of modern monitoring technology, wireless sensor network integrates the functions of information collection, processing, wireless communication and so on. Its effective life cycle is of great significance to its working performance. Efficient clustering and routing algorithms can save energy, balance network energy consumption and effectively prolong the network life cycle. Based on the mathematical model of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of traditional WSN protocol in detail, and puts forward some improvement measures and strategies for the actual problems and shortcomings, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the network and balance the load of sensor nodes. In the application environment where the initial energy of wireless sensor nodes is equal and the content of data acquisition is different, this paper proposes a clustering routing optimization algorithm (KMSC). Based on improved k-means clustering. Firstly, the optimal clustering number of the network is derived by using the mathematical model of energy consumption, and the clustering algorithm k-means is used to cluster the sensor nodes. Secondly, the cluster is adjusted according to the established rules, and the static fixed cluster with load balance is obtained. After the data acquisition cycle, only the cluster head information is updated in the fixed cluster. Finally, the multi-hop algorithm based on the shortest effective forwarding distance is used in the inter-cluster communication. When the distance from the cluster head to the base station is less than d0, the single-hop transmission is used, and when the distance from the cluster head to the base station is greater than d0, the multi-hop transmission is used. The sensor network model is built and the above algorithm is simulated and verified. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can balance the network load, reduce the energy loss and improve the network life cycle.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號：2499771