【摘要】：由于測(cè)試項(xiàng)目的不確定性和一次性等特征,使得測(cè)試項(xiàng)目在實(shí)施過(guò)程中所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng),并且一旦風(fēng)險(xiǎn)出現(xiàn)在項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,其對(duì)項(xiàng)目所造成的損失也是最為嚴(yán)重的,因此風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理從某種意義上成為整個(gè)項(xiàng)目管理成功的關(guān)鍵。作為技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)必不可缺的環(huán)節(jié),測(cè)試工作實(shí)際占據(jù)了產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)一半以上的周期,并且其測(cè)試結(jié)果的優(yōu)劣將最終決定產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的高低。但在現(xiàn)實(shí)的項(xiàng)目管理觀念中,測(cè)試的重要性遠(yuǎn)低于開(kāi)發(fā)工作,從而造成了測(cè)試項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的缺失,其結(jié)果就會(huì)增大整個(gè)項(xiàng)目失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)�；诖吮酒撐膶⒔Y(jié)合已有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的理論,并結(jié)合測(cè)試項(xiàng)目自身的復(fù)雜性、不確定性等特征,對(duì)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理進(jìn)行深入的研究和探索。作為IT領(lǐng)域的重要組成部分,通信產(chǎn)品得到了迅猛的發(fā)展,但由于其自身開(kāi)發(fā)的復(fù)雜程度與所需較長(zhǎng)的產(chǎn)品周期使其阻礙了不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求規(guī)模,因此如何縮短通信產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)周期就成為一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)對(duì)通信類(lèi)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的研究將是解決這一問(wèn)題的有效途徑。第一,論文首先闡述了課題的研究背景,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)課題研究成果的分析,提出了本篇論文所要解決的主要問(wèn)題,以及其研究的重要性與必要性。第二,從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基本原理入手,對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基本理論及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的論述。文中詳細(xì)介紹了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的四個(gè)過(guò)程、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的經(jīng)典模型并進(jìn)一步對(duì)各個(gè)模型的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。第三,結(jié)合通信類(lèi)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn),經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)通信類(lèi)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行有效的管理和研究,最終提出了一整套測(cè)試項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的方法。具體方法包括采用了失誤樹(shù)法對(duì)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行識(shí)別,結(jié)合模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法對(duì)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理中各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素做出一個(gè)總體的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果對(duì)主次的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素采取有針對(duì)性的控制方法,從而保證測(cè)試項(xiàng)目的順利完成。第四,作者將所研究取得的整套風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的方法運(yùn)用到日常工作,以實(shí)現(xiàn)本公司(通信產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)商)測(cè)試部門(mén)對(duì)項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的需要,通過(guò)多次的實(shí)踐證明,以上所列舉的通信類(lèi)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的方法無(wú)論是在保證項(xiàng)目完成的成功率,還是縮短產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)周期上都起到了很大的提升。最后,對(duì)本課題的研究進(jìn)行總結(jié)和展望,指明了本文內(nèi)容應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域和發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:Because of the uncertainty and one-off characteristics of the test project, the risk faced by the test project in the process of implementation is much higher than that of other social and economic activities, and once the risk appears in the course of the project operation, The loss to the project is also the most serious, so risk management has become the key to the success of the whole project management in a sense. As an indispensable link of technology development project, testing actually occupies more than half of the cycle of product development, and the quality of the test results will ultimately determine the quality of the product. However, in the realistic concept of project management, the importance of testing is much lower than that of development work, which leads to the lack of risk management of test project, and the result will increase the risk of failure of the whole project. Based on this paper, combined with the existing risk management theory, and combined with the complexity and uncertainty of the test project itself, the risk management of the test project will be deeply studied and explored. As an important part of the field of IT, communication products have been developed rapidly, but because of the complexity of their own development and the long product cycle required, it hinders the growing demand scale. Therefore, how to shorten the development cycle of communication products has become an urgent problem to be solved. The research on risk management of communication test project will be an effective way to solve this problem. First of all, the paper expounds the research background of the subject, through the analysis of the relevant research results at home and abroad, puts forward the main problems to be solved in this paper, as well as the importance and necessity of its research. Secondly, starting from the basic principle of risk, this paper briefly discusses the basic theory of risk and the related concepts of risk management. In this paper, the four processes of risk management and the classical model of risk management are introduced in detail, and the characteristics of each model are further analyzed in detail. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of communication test project, through the effective management and research of the risk in communication test project, a set of risk management methods of test project are put forward. The specific methods include the error tree method to identify the risk in the test project, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to make an overall risk assessment of all kinds of risk factors in the risk management of the test project. According to the evaluation results, the primary and secondary risk factors are controlled to ensure the smooth completion of the test project. Fourth, the author applies the whole set of risk management methods studied and obtained to the daily work in order to realize the needs of the testing department of our company (communication product supplier) for project risk management, which has been proved by many practices. The above listed communication test project risk management methods have played a great role in ensuring the success rate of the project and shortening the product research and development cycle. Finally, the research of this paper is summarized and prospected, and the application field and development direction of this paper are pointed out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN915.07

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