基于UWB信號(hào)的高分辨時(shí)延估計(jì)與定位技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-29 22:31
【摘要】：超寬帶（Ultra Wideband,UWB）無線通信技術(shù)具有傳輸速率高、發(fā)射功率低、多徑分辨率高、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，近年來受到越來越多的關(guān)注，尤其是UWB高精度定位技術(shù)，彌補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)定位技術(shù)受非視距傳播和多徑影響定位精度低的缺陷,在短距離室內(nèi)定位中具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。 本文對(duì)UWB無線定位技術(shù)和UWB信號(hào)時(shí)延估計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了比較深入的研究。在UWB定位系統(tǒng)中，根據(jù)所檢測參數(shù)的不同可以將基本的定位方法分成以下四種：基于信號(hào)到達(dá)時(shí)間的定位方法、基于信號(hào)到達(dá)角度的定位方法、基于信號(hào)接收強(qiáng)度的定位方法以及混合定位方法。 在UWB無線定位技術(shù)中，由于采用納秒級(jí)的UWB脈沖作為發(fā)射信號(hào)，所以時(shí)間分辨率很高，基于信號(hào)到達(dá)時(shí)間的定位方式(Time of Arrival,TOA)可以充分利用這一優(yōu)勢提高測距定位精度，最適合應(yīng)用于UWB定位系統(tǒng)。在基于信號(hào)到達(dá)時(shí)間的定位方式中，時(shí)延估計(jì)是目標(biāo)定位中的重要技術(shù),時(shí)延估計(jì)的精度直接影響定位性能，有效的高分辨?zhèn)鬏敃r(shí)延估計(jì)是采用TOA技術(shù)進(jìn)行精確定位的關(guān)鍵。為克服多徑和非視距環(huán)境對(duì)定位精度的影響，必須采用高分辨率時(shí)延估計(jì)算法。本文在分析UWB多徑信道模型和信號(hào)模型的基礎(chǔ)上，將基于子空間的參數(shù)估計(jì)算法引入U(xiǎn)WB定位系統(tǒng)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)高分辨時(shí)延估計(jì)。 本文主要結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容如下： 在分析了全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS）、藍(lán)牙、Wi-Fi無線定位系統(tǒng)以及其他室內(nèi)無線定位系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，概括出UWB無線定位系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、多徑分辨率高、發(fā)射功率低等優(yōu)勢，結(jié)合國內(nèi)外對(duì)UWB定位的研究現(xiàn)狀，明確本文研究目的和意義。 在概述UWB通信基本知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，研究分析了UWB的各種定位方法，從理論上證明了基于信號(hào)到達(dá)時(shí)間的定位方式可以充分利用UWB時(shí)間分辨率高的優(yōu)勢，提高定位精度。為之后研究基于超寬帶系統(tǒng)的高分辨時(shí)延估計(jì)方法作理論準(zhǔn)備。 由于信號(hào)在傳播過程中可能會(huì)受到多徑、反射、衍射、非視距等因素的影響，使得傳統(tǒng)的時(shí)延估計(jì)方法精度較低，，不能實(shí)現(xiàn)精確定位。為實(shí)現(xiàn)密集多徑環(huán)境下UWB信號(hào)高分辨時(shí)延估計(jì)，針對(duì)UWB信號(hào)時(shí)延估計(jì)方法展開深入研究，在研究傳統(tǒng)相關(guān)法、雙譜法的基礎(chǔ)上，分析其缺陷，將基于子空間的參數(shù)估計(jì)算法引入到UWB時(shí)延估計(jì)當(dāng)中，分別研究了MUSIC算法、LS-ESPRIT算法、TLS-ESPRIT算法的高分辨時(shí)延估計(jì)性能，并在多徑環(huán)境下進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證了基于子空間算法的有效性。最后，將TLS-ESPRIT算法應(yīng)用到UWB單基站定位系統(tǒng)中，結(jié)合角度測量，獲得了較好的定位精度。
[Abstract]:Ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology has many advantages, such as high transmission rate, low transmission power, high multi-path resolution, strong anti-interference ability and so on. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology, especially UWB high-precision positioning technology. It makes up for the defect that the traditional positioning technology is affected by non-line-of-sight propagation and multi-path, and has a broad application prospect in short-distance indoor positioning. In this paper, UWB wireless location technology and UWB signal delay estimation method are deeply studied. In UWB positioning system, according to the different parameters detected, the basic positioning methods can be divided into the following four methods: the positioning method based on the time of arrival of the signal, the positioning method based on the angle of arrival of the signal, The positioning method based on signal receiving strength and the hybrid positioning method. In UWB wireless positioning technology, because the nanosecond UWB pulse is used as the transmitted signal, the time resolution is very high. The positioning mode (Time of Arrival,TOA based on the time of arrival of the signal can make full use of this advantage to improve the accuracy of ranging and positioning. It is most suitable for UWB positioning system. In the location mode based on signal arrival time, time delay estimation is an important technology in target location. The accuracy of time delay estimation directly affects the positioning performance. Effective high resolution transmission delay estimation is the key to accurate location using TOA technology. In order to overcome the influence of multi-path and non-line-of-sight environment on positioning accuracy, high-resolution time delay estimation algorithm must be adopted. In this paper, based on the analysis of UWB multi-path channel model and signal model, the subspace-based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB positioning system to realize high-resolution time delay estimation. The main structure and contents of this paper are as follows: based on the analysis of global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi wireless positioning system and other indoor wireless positioning systems, The advantages of UWB wireless positioning system, such as strong anti-interference ability, high multi-path resolution and low transmission power, are summarized. Combined with the research status of UWB positioning at home and abroad, the purpose and significance of this paper are clarified. On the basis of summarizing the basic knowledge of UWB communication, various positioning methods of UWB are studied and analyzed. It is proved theoretically that the positioning method based on signal arrival time can make full use of the advantages of high time resolution of UWB and improve the positioning accuracy. This paper makes a theoretical preparation for the research of high resolution time delay estimation method based on ultra-broadband system. Because the signal may be affected by multi-path, reflection, diffraction, non-line-of-sight and other factors in the process of propagation, the traditional time delay estimation method has low accuracy and can not achieve accurate positioning. In order to realize high resolution time delay estimation of UWB signal in dense multi-path environment, the time delay estimation method of UWB signal is deeply studied, and its defects are analyzed on the basis of traditional correlation method and bispectral method. The subspace based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB time delay estimation. The high resolution time delay estimation performance of MUSIC algorithm, LS-ESPRIT algorithm and TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is studied respectively, and simulation experiments are carried out in multi-path environment. The effectiveness of subspace based algorithm is verified. Finally, the TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is applied to the UWB single base station positioning system, and the better positioning accuracy is obtained by combining the angle measurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN925
本文編號(hào)：2488275
[Abstract]:Ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology has many advantages, such as high transmission rate, low transmission power, high multi-path resolution, strong anti-interference ability and so on. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology, especially UWB high-precision positioning technology. It makes up for the defect that the traditional positioning technology is affected by non-line-of-sight propagation and multi-path, and has a broad application prospect in short-distance indoor positioning. In this paper, UWB wireless location technology and UWB signal delay estimation method are deeply studied. In UWB positioning system, according to the different parameters detected, the basic positioning methods can be divided into the following four methods: the positioning method based on the time of arrival of the signal, the positioning method based on the angle of arrival of the signal, The positioning method based on signal receiving strength and the hybrid positioning method. In UWB wireless positioning technology, because the nanosecond UWB pulse is used as the transmitted signal, the time resolution is very high. The positioning mode (Time of Arrival,TOA based on the time of arrival of the signal can make full use of this advantage to improve the accuracy of ranging and positioning. It is most suitable for UWB positioning system. In the location mode based on signal arrival time, time delay estimation is an important technology in target location. The accuracy of time delay estimation directly affects the positioning performance. Effective high resolution transmission delay estimation is the key to accurate location using TOA technology. In order to overcome the influence of multi-path and non-line-of-sight environment on positioning accuracy, high-resolution time delay estimation algorithm must be adopted. In this paper, based on the analysis of UWB multi-path channel model and signal model, the subspace-based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB positioning system to realize high-resolution time delay estimation. The main structure and contents of this paper are as follows: based on the analysis of global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi wireless positioning system and other indoor wireless positioning systems, The advantages of UWB wireless positioning system, such as strong anti-interference ability, high multi-path resolution and low transmission power, are summarized. Combined with the research status of UWB positioning at home and abroad, the purpose and significance of this paper are clarified. On the basis of summarizing the basic knowledge of UWB communication, various positioning methods of UWB are studied and analyzed. It is proved theoretically that the positioning method based on signal arrival time can make full use of the advantages of high time resolution of UWB and improve the positioning accuracy. This paper makes a theoretical preparation for the research of high resolution time delay estimation method based on ultra-broadband system. Because the signal may be affected by multi-path, reflection, diffraction, non-line-of-sight and other factors in the process of propagation, the traditional time delay estimation method has low accuracy and can not achieve accurate positioning. In order to realize high resolution time delay estimation of UWB signal in dense multi-path environment, the time delay estimation method of UWB signal is deeply studied, and its defects are analyzed on the basis of traditional correlation method and bispectral method. The subspace based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB time delay estimation. The high resolution time delay estimation performance of MUSIC algorithm, LS-ESPRIT algorithm and TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is studied respectively, and simulation experiments are carried out in multi-path environment. The effectiveness of subspace based algorithm is verified. Finally, the TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is applied to the UWB single base station positioning system, and the better positioning accuracy is obtained by combining the angle measurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN925
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 蒙靜;基于IR-UWB無線室內(nèi)定位的機(jī)理研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年
2 王秀貞;超寬帶無線通信及其定位技術(shù)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2010年
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