基于UWB的室內(nèi)高精度定位方法研究與應(yīng)用
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of mobile communication and wireless sensor network (WSN) in recent years, location-based service (LBS) has attracted more and more attention in indoor environment. Traditional indoor positioning such as infrared, RFID, Bluetooth and other technologies can not meet the needs of users in terms of system cost, positioning accuracy, complexity, stability and so on. In this context, ultra-broadband (Ultra Wide Band,UWB) positioning technology has attracted people's attention. UWB technology has many advantages, such as high communication ability, anti-multi-path, strong penetration ability, high time resolution and so on. Therefore, it is a good choice for indoor high precision positioning. This paper discusses and studies how to improve the accuracy of UWB indoor positioning. The main work includes: analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used indoor positioning technology and the feasibility of using various technologies in UWB. The technology suitable for UWB positioning is demonstrated theoretically. The research and analysis show that the positioning technology based on received signal strength (RSS) is easy to be interfered with by the external environment. The positioning technology based on signal arrival angle (AOA) needs antenna array and is not suitable for application in multi-path dense environment. The positioning technology based on signal arrival time can make full use of the advantages of UWB signal, such as strong penetration ability, anti-multi-path and high time resolution, and has high positioning accuracy. Through the analysis of the ranging method of UWB, the ranging method based on arrival time difference (TDOA) is determined to be suitable for UWB, and the ranging accuracy of UWB in different indoor environments is tested, and the multi-path, system deviation, proportional error and abnormal value are analyzed. The influence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) on ranging accuracy. The test results show that the multi-path has little effect on the ranging accuracy of UWB under indoor LOS, and the outliers produced in the process of removing ranging can improve the ranging accuracy of 3mm. Under indoor NLOS, the ranging accuracy is obviously reduced. It is found that the main factor affecting the ranging accuracy is NLOS.. Aiming at the problem of NLOS error in ranging, the commonly used identification methods are analyzed. Then, how to suppress the NLOS error and eliminate the gross error in ranging is studied, and a Kalman filter method based on autoregression is proposed to preprocess UWB ranging. The experimental results show that the autoregression Kalman filter method can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and reach the sub-decimeter level after preprocessing the UWB ranging. The UWB positioning system is applied to the fire scene rescue. The simulation results show that the designed indoor positioning system can accurately locate and track the position of firefighters in the fire scene.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:TN925
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