【摘要】：末制導(dǎo)雷達(dá)是現(xiàn)代雷達(dá)的一項關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用,其信號處理結(jié)果直接關(guān)系到最終對目標(biāo)的打擊效果。隨著當(dāng)今戰(zhàn)場環(huán)境復(fù)雜度日益提高,對末制導(dǎo)雷達(dá)的檢測、識別、跟蹤、抗干擾、抗截獲等技術(shù)提出了更高的要求。在自然界中,蝙蝠在捕食獵物時,采用了CF+FM的波形體制,CF信號易于實現(xiàn)動目標(biāo)探測以及通過目標(biāo)的微多普勒變化進(jìn)行目標(biāo)識別,FM則有較好的距離分辨能力可以對目標(biāo)進(jìn)行精確定位。依據(jù)這一生物學(xué)現(xiàn)象,本論文針對現(xiàn)有的PT?SF(脈沖串頻率步進(jìn))信號、FM?SF(調(diào)頻非線性步進(jìn))信號進(jìn)行重點研究,分析了波形的性能特點、重點解決了參數(shù)設(shè)計問題,最終采用基于距離遠(yuǎn)近的組合波形體制,同時研究了目標(biāo)位置預(yù)測跟蹤算法。本文的工作重點和主要貢獻(xiàn)如下:1.對蝙蝠捕食過程做了深入研究,對其發(fā)射波形進(jìn)行了簡要分析,并且對其在捕食不同階段波形的變化進(jìn)行了討論,從模糊函數(shù)的角度,研究了蝙蝠捕食采用的復(fù)合波形體制,分析表明蝙蝠可以根據(jù)相對距離的變化相應(yīng)的調(diào)整發(fā)射波形,這也為本文后續(xù)基于距離段的波形參數(shù)設(shè)計提供了研究依據(jù)。2.參考蝙蝠捕食的生物學(xué)現(xiàn)象,考慮到末制導(dǎo)雷達(dá)在遠(yuǎn)距離段上對目標(biāo)探測性能的需求,研究了PT?SF的設(shè)計原理,從脈沖參數(shù)和重頻庫兩個方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹。給出了距離解算可信度與測距精度的關(guān)系,結(jié)合抗距離遮擋的措施,確定高重頻PT?SF的設(shè)計流程,并通過相關(guān)仿真分析驗證了設(shè)計方法的有效性。3.參考蝙蝠捕食的生物學(xué)現(xiàn)象,根據(jù)末制導(dǎo)雷達(dá)在近距離段上對目標(biāo)探測性能的需求,研究了FM?NLSF設(shè)計原理,以降低回波信號接收后存在的柵副瓣影響作為切入點,對現(xiàn)有抑制柵副瓣的方法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)研究,并通過窗函數(shù)逼近原理來確定非線性的步進(jìn)頻點,最后根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果驗證了設(shè)計方法的可行性。4.從搜索跟蹤模式、坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換、導(dǎo)彈和目標(biāo)的運動模型、跟蹤濾波等方面介紹了末制導(dǎo)雷達(dá)的相關(guān)技術(shù)。重點研究了廣義容積卡爾曼濾波算法,該算法克服了傳統(tǒng)容積卡爾曼難以構(gòu)造高階容積卡爾曼方程和估計精度低的缺點。5.最后根據(jù)上述研究,首先對前面研究的波形設(shè)計方法,在GUI集成環(huán)境下,根據(jù)需求輸入進(jìn)行波形參數(shù)的設(shè)計。此外本論文在彈載末制導(dǎo)攔截場景下對組合波形與單一的波形體制進(jìn)行仿真比較,通過脫靶量和飛行時間驗證了組合波形比單一的波形體制具有更好的攔截效果。
[Abstract]:Terminal guidance radar is a key application of modern radar, and its signal processing results are directly related to the final strike effect on the target. With the increasing complexity of battlefield environment, the detection, identification, tracking, anti-interference, anti-interception and other technologies of terminal guidance radar are put forward higher requirements. In nature, bats use CF FM waveform system when hunting prey, CF signal is easy to achieve moving target detection and target recognition through the micro-Doppler change of the target. FM has better range resolution ability to locate the target accurately. According to this biological phenomenon, this paper focuses on the existing PT?SF (pulse train frequency stepping) signal and FM?SF (frequency modulation nonlinear stepping) signal, analyzes the performance characteristics of the waveform, and solves the problem of parameter design. Finally, the combined waveform system based on distance and distance is adopted, and the target position prediction and tracking algorithm is studied at the same time. The main points of work and main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1. In this paper, the predation process of bats is deeply studied, the emission waveforms of bats are briefly analyzed, and the changes of waveforms in different stages of predation are discussed. From the point of view of fuzzy function, the compound waveform system used in bat predation is studied. The analysis shows that bats can adjust the emission waveform according to the change of relative distance, which also provides the research basis for the design of waveform parameters based on distance section in this paper. 2. Referring to the biological phenomenon of bat predation and considering the demand of terminal guidance radar for target detection performance in long distance, the design principle of PT?SF is studied, and the pulse parameters and repetition frequency database are introduced in detail. The relationship between the reliability of distance solution and ranging accuracy is given. Combined with the measures of anti-range occlusion, the design flow of high repetition frequency PT?SF is determined, and the effectiveness of the design method is verified by relevant simulation analysis. Referring to the biological phenomenon of bat predation, according to the demand of terminal guidance radar for target detection performance in close range, the design principle of FM?NLSF is studied, and the influence of gate sidelobe after receiving echo signal is taken as the starting point. The existing methods to suppress the gate sidelobe are studied in detail, and the nonlinear step frequency points are determined by the window function approximation principle. Finally, the feasibility of the design method is verified according to the simulation results. 4. The related technologies of terminal guidance radar are introduced from the aspects of search and tracking mode, coordinate transformation, motion model of missile and target, tracking filtering and so on. The generalized volume Kalman filter algorithm is studied in detail, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional volume Kalman algorithm, which is difficult to construct high-order volume Kalman equation and has low estimation accuracy. 5. Finally, according to the above research, first of all, in the GUI integrated environment, the waveform parameters are designed according to the demand input. In addition, in the missile-borne terminal guidance interception scenario, the combined waveform is simulated and compared with a single waveform system. The results show that the combined waveform has a better interception effect than the single waveform system through miss distance and time-of-flight.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN959.21

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本文編號：2475579