單脈沖前斜SAR成像信息處理技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-11 21:20
【摘要】：單脈沖前斜SAR系統(tǒng)通過(guò)雷達(dá)平臺(tái)側(cè)向機(jī)動(dòng)使得SAR工作在前斜視模式下，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)跟蹤，是解決復(fù)雜背景下對(duì)重要軍事戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)全天時(shí)、全天候精確跟蹤問(wèn)題的一種有效手段。單脈沖前斜SAR具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：一方面，采用二維高分辨SAR成像處理，有利于提高信雜比，并且獲取的目標(biāo)圖像信息豐富，有利于提高復(fù)雜背景條件下的目標(biāo)檢測(cè)與識(shí)別能力；另一方面，采用SAR+單脈沖測(cè)角處理，不僅能夠在距離、多普勒二維平面中分辨目標(biāo)的各個(gè)散射點(diǎn)，大大降低測(cè)角閃爍誤差；而且通過(guò)單脈沖處理對(duì)SAR圖像的各個(gè)分辨單元進(jìn)行方位與俯仰測(cè)角，可以獲取目標(biāo)的空間位置信息，有利于提高目標(biāo)的定位和跟蹤能力。本文主要針對(duì)單脈沖前斜SAR系統(tǒng)技術(shù)、角度信息提取方法、目標(biāo)定位與跟蹤方法等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)開(kāi)展研究。論文主要工作及創(chuàng)新成果體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面： （1）研究了單脈沖前斜SAR系統(tǒng)技術(shù)。針對(duì)俯沖前斜SAR復(fù)雜的幾何構(gòu)型、分辨率非均勻的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)前斜SAR分辨特性進(jìn)行了分析，提出了一種基于分辨橢圓的前斜SAR分辨率分析方法。基于廣義模糊函數(shù)的定義，推導(dǎo)了斜平面上能夠完備描述目標(biāo)分辨特性的分辨橢圓；然后基于地距平面的成像特點(diǎn)，推導(dǎo)了地距分辨橢圓的解析表達(dá)式，獲得了地距平面目標(biāo)任意方向的分辨率，尤其可以得到目標(biāo)沿最差方向和最優(yōu)方向的分辨率；并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了描述系統(tǒng)分辨特性的誤差敏感矩陣和誤差敏感因子，提出了一種多參數(shù)聯(lián)合約束的幾何構(gòu)型優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法，與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，能夠反映系統(tǒng)分辨性能與系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、飛行航跡之間的約束關(guān)系，為系統(tǒng)幾何構(gòu)型優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)。 （2）研究了單脈沖前斜SAR角度提取方法。針對(duì)單脈沖SAR測(cè)角中瞬時(shí)角度測(cè)量與SAR相干積累之間的矛盾，分析了角度測(cè)量誤差與相干積累時(shí)間的關(guān)系，研究了SAR成像中的角度調(diào)制特性，建立了目標(biāo)時(shí)變的角運(yùn)動(dòng)模型，提出一種基于最小全變差準(zhǔn)則的單脈沖SAR角度估計(jì)方法，解決了單脈沖SAR時(shí)變角度測(cè)量的問(wèn)題；接著分析了平臺(tái)姿態(tài)擾動(dòng)、SAR相干積累等引入的角度測(cè)量誤差；然后針對(duì)單脈沖SAR圖像中低信噪比目標(biāo)測(cè)角誤差大的問(wèn)題，提出了一種基于SAR單脈沖角度測(cè)量和目標(biāo)區(qū)域拓?fù)潢P(guān)系的多目標(biāo)角度測(cè)量的方法，基于高信噪比的特顯點(diǎn)目標(biāo)，采用最小二乘準(zhǔn)則在圖像域中提取低信噪比目標(biāo)的角誤差，，并通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)SAR圖像中任意像素點(diǎn)的跟蹤，有效提高了單脈沖前斜SAR的目標(biāo)跟蹤精度。 （3）研究了單脈沖SAR目標(biāo)定位與跟蹤技術(shù)。單脈沖SAR可以同時(shí)獲取目標(biāo)的距離、多普勒、俯仰角、方位角四維信息，由于這四維信息是分別獨(dú)立獲取的，對(duì)目標(biāo)定位時(shí)存在信息冗余問(wèn)題，提出了俯沖前斜SAR條件下的多維聯(lián)合定位方法，通過(guò)建立四維信息的數(shù)學(xué)模型，提取目標(biāo)的定位信息，并在此基礎(chǔ)上引入了目標(biāo)的一階角運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)，降低了俯沖條件下高度變化和測(cè)量誤差對(duì)目標(biāo)定位精度的影響；并針對(duì)二維成像與一維前視跟蹤方法開(kāi)展了研究，分析了跟蹤末段鄰近目標(biāo)的混疊情況，并根據(jù)飛行軌跡對(duì)方位向分辨率的影響，研究了大前斜SAR二維像與前視跟蹤階段目標(biāo)一維像之間的關(guān)系，提出了基于SAR目標(biāo)幅度和單脈沖角度聯(lián)合估計(jì)的目標(biāo)跟蹤方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)了末端前視目標(biāo)的角度跟蹤。
[Abstract]:The single-pulse front-oblique SAR system makes the SAR work in the pre-strabismus mode through the lateral maneuver of the radar platform, and then the target tracking is an effective means to solve the problem of all-weather and accurate tracking under the complex background to the important military strategic target all day. The single-pulse front oblique SAR has the advantages that the two-dimensional high-resolution SAR imaging processing is adopted, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, the acquired target image information is rich, and the target detection and identification capability under the complex background condition is improved; and on the other hand, The method not only can distinguish various scattering points of a target in a distance and a Doppler two-dimensional plane, and greatly reduces the angle-measuring flicker error by adopting the SAR + single-pulse angle-measuring process, The spatial position information of the target can be acquired, and the positioning and tracking capability of the target can be improved. In this paper, the key technologies such as single-pulse front-oblique SAR system technology, angle information extraction method, target location and tracking method are studied. The main work and innovative achievements of the paper are reflected in the following aspects: (1) The technology of single-pulse front-oblique SAR system is studied. In view of the complicated geometric configuration and non-uniform resolution of the pre-subduction oblique SAR, the resolution characteristics of the front oblique SAR are analyzed, and a resolution analysis method based on the resolution ellipse is presented. In this paper, based on the definition of generalized fuzzy function, it is deduced that the resolution ellipse of the object-resolved characteristic can be fully described on the oblique plane, and then, based on the imaging characteristics of the ground-distance plane, the analytical expression of the ground-distance-resolved ellipse is derived, and the resolution of arbitrary direction from the plane object is obtained. In this paper, the resolution of the target in the worst direction and the optimal direction can be obtained, and the error-sensitive matrix and the error-sensitive factor describing the resolution characteristics of the system are established on the basis of this, and a method for optimizing the geometric configuration of the multi-parameter joint constraint is proposed, which is compared with the traditional method. The relationship between the system resolution performance and the system parameters and the flight path can be reflected, and the theoretical basis for the optimization design of the system geometry is provided. According to. (2), the angle of the single-pulse front oblique SAR is studied. In view of the contradiction between the instantaneous angle measurement and the SAR coherent accumulation in the single pulse SAR angle measurement, the relation between the angle measurement error and the coherent accumulation time is analyzed, the angle modulation characteristic in the SAR imaging is studied, and the target time-varying angular movement is established. In this paper, a single-pulse SAR angle estimation method based on the minimum total variation criterion is proposed to solve the problem of time-varying angle measurement of single-pulse SAR, and then the introduction of the platform attitude disturbance, SAR coherent accumulation and so on is analyzed. In this paper, a method for multi-target angle measurement based on SAR single-pulse angle measurement and target area topological relation is proposed, based on the special display of the high signal-to-noise ratio, which is based on the SAR single-pulse angle measurement and the target area topological relation. The method of the invention can realize the tracking of any pixel point in the SAR image and effectively improve the target of the single-pulse front oblique SAR by using the least square criterion to extract the angular error of the low signal-to-noise ratio target in the image domain, The tracking precision is studied. (3) The target location of the single pulse SAR is studied. The single-pulse SAR can obtain the four-dimensional information of the distance, the Doppler, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the target at the same time, because the four-dimensional information is obtained independently, the problem of information redundancy exists when the target is positioned, and the multi-dimensional link under the condition of the pre-dive oblique SAR is proposed. The location information of the target is extracted by establishing a mathematical model of the four-dimensional information, the first-order angular motion parameter of the target is introduced, the altitude change and the measurement error of the target are reduced under the subduction condition, The influence of the precision on the accuracy is studied, the aliasing of the adjacent target in the end section is analyzed and the influence of the flight trajectory on the resolution of the azimuth is analyzed, and the one-dimensional image of the two-dimensional image of the front oblique SAR and the forward tracking stage is studied. The target tracking method based on the combination of SAR target amplitude and single pulse angle is proposed, and the end-end forward-looking target is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.52
本文編號(hào)：2474862
[Abstract]:The single-pulse front-oblique SAR system makes the SAR work in the pre-strabismus mode through the lateral maneuver of the radar platform, and then the target tracking is an effective means to solve the problem of all-weather and accurate tracking under the complex background to the important military strategic target all day. The single-pulse front oblique SAR has the advantages that the two-dimensional high-resolution SAR imaging processing is adopted, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, the acquired target image information is rich, and the target detection and identification capability under the complex background condition is improved; and on the other hand, The method not only can distinguish various scattering points of a target in a distance and a Doppler two-dimensional plane, and greatly reduces the angle-measuring flicker error by adopting the SAR + single-pulse angle-measuring process, The spatial position information of the target can be acquired, and the positioning and tracking capability of the target can be improved. In this paper, the key technologies such as single-pulse front-oblique SAR system technology, angle information extraction method, target location and tracking method are studied. The main work and innovative achievements of the paper are reflected in the following aspects: (1) The technology of single-pulse front-oblique SAR system is studied. In view of the complicated geometric configuration and non-uniform resolution of the pre-subduction oblique SAR, the resolution characteristics of the front oblique SAR are analyzed, and a resolution analysis method based on the resolution ellipse is presented. In this paper, based on the definition of generalized fuzzy function, it is deduced that the resolution ellipse of the object-resolved characteristic can be fully described on the oblique plane, and then, based on the imaging characteristics of the ground-distance plane, the analytical expression of the ground-distance-resolved ellipse is derived, and the resolution of arbitrary direction from the plane object is obtained. In this paper, the resolution of the target in the worst direction and the optimal direction can be obtained, and the error-sensitive matrix and the error-sensitive factor describing the resolution characteristics of the system are established on the basis of this, and a method for optimizing the geometric configuration of the multi-parameter joint constraint is proposed, which is compared with the traditional method. The relationship between the system resolution performance and the system parameters and the flight path can be reflected, and the theoretical basis for the optimization design of the system geometry is provided. According to. (2), the angle of the single-pulse front oblique SAR is studied. In view of the contradiction between the instantaneous angle measurement and the SAR coherent accumulation in the single pulse SAR angle measurement, the relation between the angle measurement error and the coherent accumulation time is analyzed, the angle modulation characteristic in the SAR imaging is studied, and the target time-varying angular movement is established. In this paper, a single-pulse SAR angle estimation method based on the minimum total variation criterion is proposed to solve the problem of time-varying angle measurement of single-pulse SAR, and then the introduction of the platform attitude disturbance, SAR coherent accumulation and so on is analyzed. In this paper, a method for multi-target angle measurement based on SAR single-pulse angle measurement and target area topological relation is proposed, based on the special display of the high signal-to-noise ratio, which is based on the SAR single-pulse angle measurement and the target area topological relation. The method of the invention can realize the tracking of any pixel point in the SAR image and effectively improve the target of the single-pulse front oblique SAR by using the least square criterion to extract the angular error of the low signal-to-noise ratio target in the image domain, The tracking precision is studied. (3) The target location of the single pulse SAR is studied. The single-pulse SAR can obtain the four-dimensional information of the distance, the Doppler, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the target at the same time, because the four-dimensional information is obtained independently, the problem of information redundancy exists when the target is positioned, and the multi-dimensional link under the condition of the pre-dive oblique SAR is proposed. The location information of the target is extracted by establishing a mathematical model of the four-dimensional information, the first-order angular motion parameter of the target is introduced, the altitude change and the measurement error of the target are reduced under the subduction condition, The influence of the precision on the accuracy is studied, the aliasing of the adjacent target in the end section is analyzed and the influence of the flight trajectory on the resolution of the azimuth is analyzed, and the one-dimensional image of the two-dimensional image of the front oblique SAR and the forward tracking stage is studied. The target tracking method based on the combination of SAR target amplitude and single pulse angle is proposed, and the end-end forward-looking target is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.52
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 孫兵;周蔭清;陳杰;李春升;;基于俯沖模型的SAR成像處理和幾何校正[J];北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期
2 馬振球;崔嵬;;相位和差單脈沖雷達(dá)測(cè)角性能分析[J];北京理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2009年08期
3 胡程;曾濤;曾海彬;;Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Point Spread Function Characteristic Analysis[J];Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology(English Edition);2007年02期
4 楊春;曾濤;;New Precision Guidance Method Based on Bistatic Synthetic Apterture Radar[J];Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology;2008年03期
5 吳照憲;韓松;;基于精確距離模型的改進(jìn)R-D算法[J];測(cè)繪科學(xué);2008年05期
6 蔣金龍;穆榮軍;崔乃剛;;SAR在彈道導(dǎo)彈末制導(dǎo)中的應(yīng)用[J];彈道學(xué)報(bào);2008年02期
7 黃世奇,禹春來(lái),劉代志,錢昌松;成像精確制導(dǎo)技術(shù)分析與研究[J];導(dǎo)彈與航天運(yùn)載技術(shù);2005年05期
8 秦玉亮;程永強(qiáng);王宏強(qiáng);黎湘;;主動(dòng)導(dǎo)引頭二維成像尋的制導(dǎo)技術(shù)[J];彈箭與制導(dǎo)學(xué)報(bào);2009年03期
9 周強(qiáng);曲長(zhǎng)文;王穎;;彈載SAR大斜視擴(kuò)展CS成像算法[J];彈箭與制導(dǎo)學(xué)報(bào);2009年03期
10 朱仁飛;張群;羅迎;于濤;;雙基地ISAR二維分辨率分析研究[J];彈箭與制導(dǎo)學(xué)報(bào);2010年01期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 李悅麗;彈載合成孔徑雷達(dá)成像技術(shù)研究[D];國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2008年
2 秦玉亮;彈載SAR制導(dǎo)技術(shù)研究[D];國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2008年
本文編號(hào)：2474862
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/wltx/2474862.html
最近更新
教材專著
