【摘要】：航空通信信道是指飛機(jī)與地面塔臺(tái)之間的無(wú)線傳播信道。隨著航空無(wú)線業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展,對(duì)新一代航空無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)的研究開(kāi)發(fā)越來(lái)越迫切。為了支撐新一代航空無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)的研發(fā),有必要對(duì)航空信道的特性進(jìn)行深入研究,并構(gòu)建航空信道仿真模型。本文第二章通過(guò)總結(jié)現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn),將航空信道分為包括停泊、滑行、起飛/降落、巡航和飛過(guò)塔臺(tái)在內(nèi)的五個(gè)場(chǎng)景,并給出了每種場(chǎng)景下航空信道的延時(shí)功率譜和多普勒功率譜,建立了多場(chǎng)景航空信道的參考模型。為了建立航空衰落信道的寬帶統(tǒng)計(jì)模型——抽頭延遲線模型,同時(shí)給出了諧波疊加法和多普勒濾波法對(duì)信道的延時(shí)功率譜、多普勒功率譜建模。當(dāng)仿真時(shí)間受限時(shí),諧波疊加模型的樣本函數(shù)并不能遍歷隨機(jī)模型的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性,因此諧波疊加模型的仿真需求時(shí)間要求充分長(zhǎng),增加了模型的時(shí)間復(fù)雜度。為此,本文第三章提出了一種改進(jìn)的諧波疊加仿真方法,使用等距離法構(gòu)建模型,并將仿真時(shí)間設(shè)置為模型時(shí)限時(shí)間相關(guān)偏差函數(shù)的一系列局部極小值點(diǎn)附近的值。針對(duì)航空信道的分析和仿真表明,在保證模型時(shí)限時(shí)間相關(guān)性能的前提下,該方法可極大地降低仿真需求時(shí)間。此外,當(dāng)采用基于FFT的多普勒濾波法仿真多普勒功率譜時(shí),若多普勒功率譜為窄帶譜,多普勒濾波器的階數(shù)會(huì)非常高,導(dǎo)致多普勒濾波模型的復(fù)雜度極高。為此,本文第四章提出了一種改進(jìn)的FFT多普勒濾波法,先針對(duì)頻移的多普勒功率譜構(gòu)建濾波器,再對(duì)多普勒濾波器的輸出在時(shí)域補(bǔ)償頻偏。針對(duì)航空信道的分析和仿真表明,在保證模型統(tǒng)計(jì)特性性能的前提下,該方法可將濾波器的階數(shù)降低到一個(gè)合理的程度,從而極大的降低仿真模型的計(jì)算復(fù)雜度。本文第五章基于Matlab構(gòu)建了多場(chǎng)景寬帶航空信道仿真模塊,仿真模塊可靈活地配置信道參數(shù),方便航空無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)鏈路的使用。性能測(cè)試表明,仿真模塊具有優(yōu)良的時(shí)限時(shí)間相關(guān)特性和頻率相關(guān)特性。最后,論文基于EB F8信道仿真器搭建了半實(shí)物射頻航空信道仿真平臺(tái)。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,所搭建的多場(chǎng)景寬帶航空信道仿真模型在射頻段具有優(yōu)良的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性性能。最后本文第六章給出了全文的總結(jié)和下一步的研究建議。
[Abstract]:Aeronautical communication channel refers to the wireless transmission channel between aircraft and ground tower. With the development of aviation wireless service, the research and development of new generation aviation wireless communication system is becoming more and more urgent. In order to support the research and development of the new generation aviation wireless communication system, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the aviation channel and construct the simulation model of the aviation channel. In the second chapter, by summarizing the existing literature, the aviation channel is divided into five scenarios, including berthing, taxiing, take-off / landing, cruise and flying over the tower. The delay power spectrum and Doppler power spectrum of the aeronautical channel in each scenario are given, and the reference model of the multi-scene aviation channel is established. In order to establish the wideband statistical model of aeronautical fading channel, a tap delay line model is established, and the delay power spectrum and Doppler power spectrum model of the channel by harmonic superposition method and Doppler filter method are presented. When the simulation time is limited, the sample function of the harmonic superposition model can not traverse the statistical characteristics of the stochastic model, so the simulation time requirement of the harmonic superposition model is long enough, which increases the time complexity of the model. In the third chapter, an improved method of harmonic superposition simulation is proposed. The model is constructed by using the equidistance method, and the simulation time is set to the value near a series of local minimum points of the time-dependent deviation function of the model. The analysis and simulation of the aeronautical channel show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the simulation time under the premise of ensuring the time-dependent performance of the model. In addition, when the Doppler power spectrum is simulated by Doppler filter based on FFT, if the Doppler power spectrum is narrow band spectrum, the order of Doppler filter will be very high, which leads to the extremely high complexity of Doppler filter model. In the fourth chapter, an improved FFT Doppler filter is proposed. Firstly, the filter is constructed for the frequency shift Doppler power spectrum, and then the output of the Doppler filter is compensated in the time domain. The analysis and simulation of the aeronautical channel show that the order of the filter can be reduced to a reasonable degree under the premise of ensuring the statistical performance of the model, thus greatly reducing the computational complexity of the simulation model. In the fifth chapter, we construct a multi-scene broadband aviation channel simulation module based on Matlab. The simulation module can flexibly configure the channel parameters and facilitate the use of the aviation wireless communication system link. The performance test shows that the simulation module has excellent time-dependent and frequency-dependent characteristics. Finally, based on the EB F 8 channel simulator, a hardware-in-the-loop radio frequency channel simulation platform is built. The test results show that the multi-scene wideband aviation channel simulation model has good statistical performance in RF segment. Finally, the sixth chapter of this paper gives the full text of the summary and the next step of the research recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：V243;TN92

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