【摘要】：超寬帶信號因其具有良好的隱蔽性、抗干擾性能和高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而被廣泛應(yīng)用于雷達(dá)、遙感、精確定位等領(lǐng)域。脈沖超寬帶雷達(dá)探測系統(tǒng)要求天線具有高時域保真、高增益、小尺寸等特點(diǎn)。本文針對這些需求，對超寬帶的時域分析方法進(jìn)行了研究，并設(shè)計(jì)了一款低剖面定向超寬帶天線。此外，還對超寬帶天線組陣方式進(jìn)行了分析。 本文首先以共面波導(dǎo)饋電的縫隙超寬帶天線為研究對象，利用基于時域積分方法的CST仿真和Matlab編譯的保真度算法，，分析了該天線的時域指標(biāo)。為研究超寬帶天線的時域性能提供了途徑。 本文結(jié)合實(shí)際工程需要，設(shè)計(jì)了一款低剖面的背腔式對數(shù)周期縫隙天線，該天線在整個工作頻帶內(nèi)具有良好的定向輻射特性。通過對矩形諧振腔的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，并在諧振腔內(nèi)部填充吸波材料使得該設(shè)計(jì)較普通背腔式縫隙天線有更低的諧振頻率和更寬的諧振帶寬。進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化吸波材料尺寸，使天線在相應(yīng)頻段內(nèi)具有更高的增益。 為了滿足超寬帶雷達(dá)對高增益定向超寬帶天線的需求，本文對超寬帶天線組陣的方法進(jìn)行了分析。窄帶天線陣列從單元出發(fā)，根據(jù)預(yù)期性能設(shè)置陣列參數(shù)的方法并不適用于超寬帶天線組陣。由于最高頻和最低頻電尺寸相差數(shù)倍，陣因子在整個頻段內(nèi)波動較大。本文結(jié)合Vivaldi天線單元的方向圖和陣列方向圖乘積定理，確定理想情況下陣列間距�；谠撻g距在耦合條件下設(shè)計(jì)了陣列單元形式，利用該單元組陣得到了八元Vivaldi陣，增益最高達(dá)到19.54dBi。最后對該天線陣的保真度系數(shù)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。
[Abstract]:Ultra-wideband (UWB) signal is widely used in radar, remote sensing, precise positioning and other fields because of its good concealment, anti-jamming performance and high data transmission rate. Pulse UWB radar detection system requires high time domain fidelity, high gain, small size and so on. In this paper, the time domain analysis method of UWB is studied, and a low profile oriented UWB antenna is designed. In addition, the mode of UWB antenna array is analyzed. In this paper, the slot ultra-wideband antenna fed by coplanar waveguide is taken as the research object, and the time-domain index of the antenna is analyzed by using the CST simulation based on time-domain integral method and the fidelity algorithm compiled by Matlab. It provides a way to study the time domain performance of UWB antenna. In this paper, a low profile logarithmic periodic slot antenna with low profile is designed, which has good directional radiation characteristics in the whole working band. By improving the structure of the rectangular cavity and filling the cavity with absorbing materials, the design has lower resonant frequency and wider resonant bandwidth than the common backcavity slot antenna. The size of absorbing material is further optimized so that the antenna has higher gain in the corresponding frequency band. In order to meet the demand of UWB radar for high gain directional UWB antenna, the method of UWB antenna array is analyzed in this paper. The method of setting array parameters according to expected performance is not suitable for UWB antenna array. Because of the difference of the most high frequency and the lowest frequency electric size, the array factor fluctuates greatly in the whole frequency band. In this paper, the array spacing is determined under ideal conditions by combining the product theorem of the pattern and array pattern of Vivaldi antenna elements. Based on the coupling condition, the array element form is designed, and the eight-element Vivaldi matrix is obtained by using the cell array. The maximum gain is 19.54dBi. Finally, the fidelity coefficient of the antenna array is calculated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN822.8

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