【摘要】：量子通信是近年來通信領(lǐng)域的熱門課題，由于其基于量子力學(xué)的基本理論而具有絕對的保密性，因而使得該技術(shù)擁有經(jīng)典通信無法比擬的優(yōu)勢�，F(xiàn)有的量子通信系統(tǒng)多采用光纖作為傳輸信道，但因光纖的固定衰減特性，通信距離受到限制。而自由空間尤其是基于衛(wèi)星平臺的星地量子通信擺脫了光纖的束縛，成為了構(gòu)建全球量子通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最佳選擇，已是各國科技競爭的核心領(lǐng)域。在星地量子通信中，星地通信終端之間存在相對運動和鏈路擾動，且衛(wèi)星平臺也處于振動之中，所以為建立并穩(wěn)定量子通信鏈路，必須要有一個高精度捕獲、跟蹤、瞄準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)（簡稱跟瞄系統(tǒng)或ATP系統(tǒng)）。 本論文基于中國科學(xué)院某知識創(chuàng)新工程重大項目的支持，深入研究了星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)的跟蹤和瞄準(zhǔn)技術(shù)。論文工作包括：從理論上分析了星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)的原理及需求，對高精度的ATP系統(tǒng)進行了設(shè)計，建立了一套ATP系統(tǒng)的模擬演示平臺，并使用該平臺對設(shè)計原理進行了驗證；對星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)探測與信息處理技術(shù)進行了深入研究，成功研制了高幀頻高精度的星載探測相機，并對提高相機定位精度的技術(shù)開展了研究；對星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)的瞄準(zhǔn)精度進行了研究，設(shè)計了ATP系統(tǒng)的檢測系統(tǒng)，通過該系統(tǒng)可對所研制的ATP系統(tǒng)性能進行精確檢測，同時提出并驗證了可用于提高星載ATP系統(tǒng)瞄準(zhǔn)精度的設(shè)計。 論文的主要創(chuàng)新點有 1）分析了星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)的需求、工作方式與性能指標(biāo)，研究了通信鏈路效率的計算方法，得到了量子光發(fā)散角與系統(tǒng)跟瞄精度間的設(shè)計關(guān)系，并對星載ATP系統(tǒng)進行了具體設(shè)計。建立了跟瞄系統(tǒng)的模擬演示平臺，驗證了高精度ATP系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計原理。 2）根據(jù)星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)對目標(biāo)信標(biāo)光定位的需求，，提出了具體的星載ATP信標(biāo)探測與處理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案�；诿骊嘋MOS探測器（STAR1000）和FPGA，設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了可用于星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)的高幀頻、高精度、低噪聲目標(biāo)探測相機，幀頻速度大于2KHz，定位精度優(yōu)于1rad，綜合噪聲電子數(shù)約100e-。 3）為提高ATP系統(tǒng)的跟蹤精度，從相機定位精度的角度出發(fā)進行了深入研究。設(shè)計了檢測此類目標(biāo)探測系統(tǒng)定位精度的有效方法。深入分析了影響探測相機定位精度的因素，依據(jù)理論仿真及實驗驗證的結(jié)果，并針對星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)的特點，提出了提高相機定位精度的設(shè)計思路。 4）提出了多項改善相機在軌性能的實時技術(shù)：基于梯度檢測的原理成功實現(xiàn)了星載相機的實時壞點校正；采用實時非均勻性校正方法并結(jié)合改進的目標(biāo)定位算法，有效增強了星載相機對微弱目標(biāo)的探測能力；通過對自適應(yīng)曝光技術(shù)的研究和設(shè)計，使星載相機有效抑制了由通信鏈路擾動引起的干擾。 5）從理論上分析了瞄準(zhǔn)誤差對量子通信系統(tǒng)帶來的影響，設(shè)計了自身分辨率優(yōu)于0.1rad的高精度檢測系統(tǒng)。通過該系統(tǒng)可對星載量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)進行精確檢測和校正，使整機系統(tǒng)獲得了優(yōu)于3rad的高精度跟瞄性能。通過外場和室內(nèi)實驗，充分驗證了星載ATP系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。 本課題的研究工作完成了星地量子通信中高精度跟瞄系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)，為星地量子通信ATP系統(tǒng)的研制提供了堅實的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Quantum communication is a hot topic in the field of communication in recent years. Because of its absolute secrecy based on the basic theory of quantum mechanics, the technology has the advantages of classical communication. In the conventional quantum communication system, the optical fiber is used as a transmission channel, but due to the fixed attenuation characteristic of the optical fiber, the communication distance is limited. The free space, especially the satellite-platform-based star-ground quantum communication, is the best choice for the construction of the global quantum communication network, and has become the core area of national science and technology competition. in that star-ground quantum communication, there are relative motion and link disturbance among the satellite communication terminals, and the satellite platform is also in the vibration, so to establish and stabilize the quantum communication link, it is necessary to have a high-precision capture, tracking and aiming system (the NLOS system or the ATP system). Based on the support of the major project of a knowledge innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this paper deeply studies the tracking and aiming technique of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system. In this paper, the principle and requirement of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system are analyzed theoretically, the high-precision ATP system is designed, a set of simulation demonstration platform of the ATP system is established, and the design principle is verified by using the platform. In this paper, the target detection and information processing technology of the star-ground quantum communication (ATP) system is deeply researched, the high-frame-rate high-precision star-carrier detection camera is successfully developed, and the technology of improving the positioning accuracy of the camera is researched, and the aiming accuracy of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system is researched. In this paper, the detection system of ATP system is designed, and the system can be used to accurately detect the performance of the ATP system. A. The main part of the paper In this paper, the requirement, working mode and performance index of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system are analyzed, and the calculation method of the efficiency of the communication link is studied, and the divergence angle of the quantum light and the accuracy of the system and the scanning accuracy are obtained. The design relationship of the star-borne ATP system The specific design is given. The simulation demonstration platform of the tracking system is established, and the high-precision ATP system is verified. according to the requirement of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system to locate the target beacon light, the specific star-mounted ATP beacon detection and location is put forward. Based on the surface array CMOS detector (STAR1000) and the FPGA, a high frame rate, high precision, low noise target detection camera, which can be used for the satellite-ground quantum communication (ATP) system, is designed and realized, the frame rate speed is more than 2KHz, the positioning accuracy is better than 1rad, and the comprehensive noise electron The number is about 100e-. 3) to improve the tracking precision of the ATP system and the angle of the positioning accuracy of the camera An in-depth study has been carried out. The detection of such a target detection system is designed In this paper, the factors that affect the positioning accuracy of the camera are analyzed. The factors that affect the positioning accuracy of the detection camera are analyzed. The results of the theoretical simulation and the experimental verification are analyzed, and the characteristics of the star-ground quantum communication ATP system are analyzed, and the improvement of the camera is put forward. A number of real-time techniques for improving the performance of the camera are presented in this paper. The real-time bad-point correction of the star-borne camera is successfully realized based on the principle of gradient detection, and the real-time non-uniformity correction method is adopted. In combination with the improved target location algorithm, the detection capability of the satellite-borne camera to the weak target is effectively enhanced, and the star-carrier camera is effectively suppressed by the research and the design of the adaptive exposure technology. The influence of the aiming error on the quantum communication system is analyzed theoretically, and the self-resolution is better than 0. and the system can accurately detect and correct the star-borne quantum communication ATP system, so that the complete machine system has the advantages that the system can accurately detect and correct the star-borne quantum communication ATP system, High-precision tracking performance at 3rad. Full validation by field and in-room experiments The key technology of the star-loaded ATP system is the key technology of the high-precision scanning system in the star-ground quantum communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（上海技術(shù)物理研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：O413.1;TN918

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