【摘要】：彈道導彈在彈道中段通常有誘餌、干擾機及發(fā)射碎片等伴飛,形成一個龐大的威脅目標群,群內目標間隔不大,并保持大致相同的空間運動軌跡。地基雷達作為對中段目標的主要監(jiān)測手段,在采用傳統(tǒng)的多目標跟蹤方法對密集空間群目標進行跟蹤時,由于資源有限,造成個體目標的跟蹤信息誤差極大甚至缺失。因此,研究空間群目標中的單個目標航跡跟蹤,對提高彈道導彈防御雷達的多目標跟蹤能力,以及分析彈道導彈突防效能具有十分重要的意義。本文首先分析了彈道中段空間群目標的形成原因,并簡述了這種特殊的密集群目標運動特點。其后,本文對常用的群目標跟蹤理論進行了介紹和分析。對涉及目標跟蹤中的數(shù)據(jù)關聯(lián)算法和跟蹤濾波算法,本文進行了簡要介紹和分析,為后面空間群目標下的的多假設跟蹤算法研究奠定了理論基礎。其后,本文提出了基于群內聚類的群中心跟蹤方法(IGC-SGT),顯著提高了群整體跟蹤的穩(wěn)定性。針對群內目標的波動和誤差嚴重影響群中心穩(wěn)定性的問題,IGC-SGT算法改進了群內聚類方法,充分利用群內聚類的跟蹤,獲取群內目標的分布情況,從而提高了群中心的計算穩(wěn)定性。仿真試驗表明,與傳統(tǒng)群中心算法相比,IGC-SGT算法提高了目標誤差和雜波較大情況下,群目標整體跟蹤的可靠性和有效性,并為后續(xù)群內單目標的跟蹤提供了穩(wěn)定且可靠的群運動信息。然后,本文針對群內單個目標跟蹤困難的問題,提出了一種空間群目標下改進的多假設跟蹤方法——GMHT算法。該算法利用近地軌道空間群目標(如彈道導彈中段群目標)運動整體信息,結合多假設跟蹤算法的優(yōu)勢,建立了基于空間群目標的假設生成方法、得分計算和剪枝策略,設計了完整的算法流程。仿真試驗證明,與傳統(tǒng)的多目標關聯(lián)跟蹤算法相比,本文所提算法能根據(jù)整體運動趨勢自適應調整群內目標與量測的關聯(lián),提高單目標的關聯(lián)精度,減小虛漏警和雜波在跟蹤空間密集群目標時的干擾,提高了空間群目標的跟蹤性能。最后,本文基于前兩章的研究成果,利用MATLAB GUI設計實現(xiàn)了空間群目標數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng),完整解決空間密集群目標的跟蹤問題。該系統(tǒng)融合了本文提IGC-SGT算法和GMHT算法,可模擬空間群目標的真實航跡,仿真雷達信號處理中的虛漏警概率情況。實驗結果表明,在密集空間群目標下,當目標數(shù)目從8增加到16個時,嵌入了IGC-GMHT算法的空間群目標數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng),能夠在空間群目標環(huán)境中,提取精確穩(wěn)定的群運動信息,并穩(wěn)定跟蹤群內單個目標,其跟蹤誤差和穩(wěn)定性均優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)多目標跟蹤算法。
[Abstract]:Ballistic missiles are usually accompanied by decoys, jammers and launch debris in the middle of the trajectory, forming a large group of threat targets, with small distances and approximately the same trajectory in space. Ground-based radar is the main monitoring method for the middle target. When the traditional multi-target tracking method is used to track the dense space group target, the tracking information error of the individual target is extremely large or even missing due to the limited resources. Therefore, it is very important to study the track tracking of a single target in space group to improve the multi-target tracking capability of ballistic missile defense radar and to analyze the penetration effectiveness of ballistic missile. In this paper, the causes of formation of space group targets in the middle part of trajectory are analyzed, and the motion characteristics of this special dense group targets are briefly described. Then, the common theory of group target tracking is introduced and analyzed. This paper briefly introduces and analyzes the data association algorithm and tracking filtering algorithm for target tracking, which lays a theoretical foundation for the research of multi-hypothesis tracking algorithm under the background space group target. Then, a cluster center tracking method (IGC-SGT) based on cluster clustering is proposed, which improves the stability of group global tracking. Aiming at the problem that the fluctuation and error of the target in the group seriously affect the stability of the cluster center, the IGC-SGT algorithm improves the cluster clustering method, and makes full use of the tracking of the cluster clustering to obtain the distribution of the target in the group. Thus the computational stability of the group center is improved. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional group center algorithm, the IGC-SGT algorithm improves the reliability and effectiveness of the whole tracking of the group target under the condition of large target error and clutter. It also provides stable and reliable group motion information for the tracking of single targets in subsequent groups. Then, aiming at the difficulty of tracking a single target in a group, an improved multi-hypothesis tracking method called GMHT algorithm is proposed. Based on the global motion information of space group targets in low Earth orbit (such as ballistic missile) and the advantages of multi-hypothesis tracking algorithm, a hypothesis generation method, score calculation and pruning strategy based on space group targets are proposed. A complete algorithm flow is designed. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional multi-target association tracking algorithm, the proposed algorithm can adaptively adjust the correlation between the target and the measurement according to the overall motion trend, and improve the correlation accuracy of the single target. The tracking performance of space group targets is improved by reducing the interference of false alarm and clutter in tracking dense group targets. Finally, based on the research results of the first two chapters, this paper designs and implements the spatial group target data processing system by using MATLAB GUI, which solves the problem of tracking the spatial dense group target completely. This system combines IGC-SGT algorithm and GMHT algorithm in this paper. It can simulate the real track of space group targets and simulate the false alarm probability in radar signal processing. The experimental results show that when the number of targets increases from 8 to 16, the spatial group target data processing system embedded with IGC-GMHT algorithm can extract accurate and stable group motion information in the environment of spatial group target. The tracking error and stability of a single target in a stable tracking group are better than those of the traditional multi-target tracking algorithm.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TJ761.3;TN953

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本文編號：2411971