【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由大量能量有限的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成的自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)常工作在惡劣的環(huán)境中,此時(shí)無線鏈路受到干擾或者衰落,因此經(jīng)常需要數(shù)據(jù)重發(fā),從而導(dǎo)致分簇性能降低。在這種情況下現(xiàn)有的分簇方法不一定能夠達(dá)到延長(zhǎng)整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存周期或節(jié)能的目的。因此本文針對(duì)不穩(wěn)定的無線環(huán)境中的無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò),研究和改進(jìn)分簇協(xié)議,通過提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸成功率從而減少額外的能耗。此外,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)目的大規(guī)模性決定了節(jié)點(diǎn)的冗余性是不可避免的,因此本文的第二個(gè)研究?jī)?nèi)容是利用節(jié)點(diǎn)的冗余性提高監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域中傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的利用率,延長(zhǎng)其有效工作的生存周期。首先,本文對(duì)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)做了一個(gè)整體的概括論述,包括其網(wǎng)絡(luò)的體系架構(gòu)、節(jié)點(diǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)以及協(xié)議體系結(jié)構(gòu)。接著介紹了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)特有的一些特征和其廣泛的應(yīng)用等。最后介紹了幾種典型的路由協(xié)議,并對(duì)其各種路由協(xié)議的性能進(jìn)行了比較分析。其次,本論文提出了基于丟包率測(cè)量的LEACH協(xié)議。本文首先研究了無線鏈路信道丟包模型,選取了無線遺失模型中的GE模型作為無線鏈路的丟包模型,并通過對(duì)無線鏈路信道模型的設(shè)置,模擬仿真了一個(gè)因?yàn)闊o線信道受到環(huán)境因素的干擾而造成節(jié)點(diǎn)丟包的情況。在此條件下提出了改進(jìn)的LEACH-LLR協(xié)議,協(xié)議通過選取丟包率小的節(jié)點(diǎn)當(dāng)選簇首,來提高數(shù)據(jù)的成功發(fā)送效率,減少因丟包重發(fā)而消耗的額外能量,從而達(dá)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)能和提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率的目的。NS2仿真和分析結(jié)果說明基于丟包率測(cè)量的LEACH-LLR協(xié)議在數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率和節(jié)能方面要比LEACH協(xié)議更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。最后,本文提出了以覆蓋率作為性能評(píng)價(jià)的LEACH-N協(xié)議。協(xié)議主要是針對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的冗余度和網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋率進(jìn)行研究。本文首先提出了網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋率的定義,然后對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)的冗余性進(jìn)行研究。由于鄰節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)目多表示該節(jié)點(diǎn)的冗余度大,因此可以通過選取鄰節(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)比較多的節(jié)點(diǎn)當(dāng)選簇首來達(dá)到提高節(jié)點(diǎn)利用率和節(jié)能的目的。協(xié)議通過選取鄰節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)目比較多的節(jié)點(diǎn)來當(dāng)選簇首,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋率來對(duì)冗余節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià)。仿真和分析結(jié)果說明,LEACH-N協(xié)議能夠在網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)密度較大的情況下,提高節(jié)點(diǎn)的利用效率;同時(shí)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋率能對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)的冗余性進(jìn)行有效的分析和評(píng)估,從而證明了LEACH-N協(xié)議的可行性。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are self-organizing networks composed of sensor nodes with limited energy. Because wireless sensor networks often work in bad environment, the wireless link is interfered or fading, so data retransmission is often needed, which results in low performance of clustering. In this case, the existing clustering methods may not be able to prolong the lifetime of the whole network or save energy. Therefore, this paper studies and improves the clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks in unstable wireless environment, and reduces the additional energy consumption by increasing the success rate of data transmission. In addition, the large number of nodes in wireless sensor networks determines the redundancy of nodes is inevitable. Therefore, the second research content of this paper is to use the redundancy of nodes to improve the utilization rate of sensor nodes in the monitoring area. Prolong the life cycle of their effective work. Firstly, this paper makes a general discussion on wireless sensor network, including its network architecture, node architecture and protocol architecture. Then some special features of wireless sensor network and its wide application are introduced. Finally, several typical routing protocols are introduced, and their performance is compared and analyzed. Secondly, this paper proposes a LEACH protocol based on packet loss rate measurement. Firstly, this paper studies the packet loss model of wireless link channel, and selects the GE model of wireless loss model as the packet loss model of wireless link, and sets the channel model of wireless link. Simulation of a wireless channel due to the interference of environmental factors resulting in node packet loss. Under this condition, an improved LEACH-LLR protocol is proposed, in which the nodes with low packet loss rate are selected as cluster heads to improve the efficiency of successful data transmission and reduce the additional energy consumption due to the retransmission of lost packets. NS2 simulation and analysis results show that LEACH-LLR protocol based on packet loss rate measurement has more advantages than LEACH protocol in data transmission efficiency and energy saving. Finally, this paper proposes a LEACH-N protocol with coverage as performance evaluation. The protocol mainly focuses on the redundancy and network coverage between nodes. In this paper, the definition of network coverage is proposed, and then the redundancy of nodes in the network is studied. Because the number of adjacent nodes means the redundancy of the node, it is possible to select the nodes with a large number of adjacent nodes to select the cluster heads to improve the utilization rate of the nodes and to save energy. The protocol selects nodes with a large number of adjacent nodes to select cluster heads, and analyzes and evaluates redundant nodes through network coverage. The simulation and analysis results show that the LEACH-N protocol can improve the utilization efficiency of nodes when the density of network nodes is high. At the same time, the network coverage can effectively analyze and evaluate the redundancy of nodes, which proves the feasibility of LEACH-N protocol.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 蔡烽;無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)分簇路由算法研究[D];上海交通大學(xué);2008年

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本文編號(hào)：2406629