【摘要】：隨著穿戴式/植入式醫(yī)用設(shè)備信息服務(wù)逐步實(shí)用,無(wú)線體域網(wǎng)(Wireless Body Area Network WBAN)技術(shù)被廣泛運(yùn)用于人體近端醫(yī)學(xué)傳感器間信息交互。WBAN通過(guò)附著在人體近端的智能傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)持續(xù)采集人體重要的生理信號(hào),如血糖值、血壓和心電信號(hào)等,并進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)。低功耗、低輻射和高傳輸效率等成為體域網(wǎng)傳輸介質(zhì)的重要指標(biāo)。然而,包括藍(lán)牙、Zigbee等在內(nèi)的無(wú)線射頻通信技術(shù)不僅系統(tǒng)功耗高,而且還存在電磁干擾、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全性等問(wèn)題,使之不能成為無(wú)線體域網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的最佳選擇。電流耦合型人體通信(Intra-Body Communication IBC)以人體作為信道,實(shí)現(xiàn)人體近端設(shè)備間信息的共享。由于其實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程頻率極低且不受周圍環(huán)境影響,克服了上述無(wú)線射頻通信技術(shù)的缺陷,在無(wú)線體域網(wǎng)的中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。本文為研究電流耦合型人體通信在體域網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用提供一種可行方案：分析多節(jié)點(diǎn)生理信號(hào)采集傳輸系統(tǒng)的通信業(yè)務(wù)需求與特性,研究人體信道傳輸特性,設(shè)計(jì)收發(fā)裝置硬件特性,以現(xiàn)有的MAC協(xié)議為導(dǎo)向,在體域網(wǎng)中構(gòu)建多節(jié)點(diǎn)生理信號(hào)采集傳輸系統(tǒng),并在特定的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景下分析其性能。具體從以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)研究：首先,分析無(wú)線體域網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、物理層和MAC協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及IEEE802.15.6的工作模式,為多節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)的研究提供一個(gè)理論基礎(chǔ)。其次,開(kāi)展10k～500kHz頻率范圍內(nèi)人體前臂實(shí)驗(yàn)并獲得其信道衰減特性及相應(yīng)均衡措施,構(gòu)建人體通信系統(tǒng)仿真模型,分析不同調(diào)制方式下均衡前后人體信道模型誤碼率和星座圖并獲得適合人體通信的調(diào)制方式。再次,結(jié)合人體信道仿真模型,根據(jù)均衡器模型特性,改進(jìn)人體通信收發(fā)裝置并以此設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)節(jié)點(diǎn)。節(jié)點(diǎn)基本功能包括：數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送、生理信號(hào)的采集存儲(chǔ)及顯示。為了解決工頻干擾以及共地的問(wèn)題,電路均采用干電池供電。最后,構(gòu)建多節(jié)點(diǎn)生理信號(hào)采集傳輸系統(tǒng),結(jié)合上述人體信道特性參數(shù)以及系統(tǒng)節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件指標(biāo)研究在特定的場(chǎng)景下系統(tǒng)的MAC協(xié)議性能。綜上所述,本文對(duì)于電流耦合型人體通信信道特性、相應(yīng)均衡措施以及節(jié)點(diǎn)裝置的硬件參數(shù)的研究為多節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)制方式及通信頻段的選擇提供了依據(jù)。低功耗、低輻射和高安全的角度體現(xiàn)了電流耦合型人體通信的顯著優(yōu)勢(shì),為推動(dòng)人體通信技術(shù)在多節(jié)點(diǎn)生理信號(hào)采集傳輸系統(tǒng)的理論研究和技術(shù)應(yīng)用提供了有益探索和嘗試。
[Abstract]:As wearable / implantable medical equipment information services become more and more practical, Wireless body-area network (Wireless Body Area Network WBAN) technology is widely used in information exchange between medical sensors at the proximal end of human body. WBAN continuously collects important physiological signals of human body, such as blood glucose, through intelligent sensor nodes attached to the proximal end of human body. Blood pressure and ECG were monitored in real time. Low power consumption, low radiation and high transmission efficiency have become important indicators of bulk area network transmission media. However, wireless radio frequency communication technology, including Bluetooth and Zigbee, not only has high power consumption, but also has the problems of electromagnetic interference and network security, which makes it not the best choice for wireless body area network applications. Current-coupled human communication (Intra-Body Communication IBC) uses human body as channel to share information between human proximal devices. Because the process frequency is very low and it is not affected by the surrounding environment, it overcomes the shortcomings of the wireless radio frequency communication technology, and has a wide application prospect in wireless body area network. This paper provides a feasible scheme for studying the application of current-coupled human communication in body-area network: analyzing the communication requirements and characteristics of multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system, and studying the transmission characteristics of human body channel. The hardware characteristics of the transceiver are designed. Based on the existing MAC protocol, a multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system is constructed in the body area network, and its performance is analyzed in a specific application scenario. Firstly, the characteristics and applications of wireless body area network, network topology, physical layer and MAC protocol standard, and the working mode of IEEE802.15.6 are analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the research of multi-node system. Secondly, the human forearm experiment is carried out in the range of 10k~500kHz frequency, and the channel attenuation characteristics and corresponding equalization measures are obtained, and the simulation model of human communication system is constructed. The error rate and constellation of human channel model before and after equalization under different modulation modes are analyzed and the modulation mode suitable for human communication is obtained. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the equalizer model, the human communication transceiver is improved and the system nodes are designed based on the human channel simulation model. The basic functions of the node include: the transmission of data, the collection, storage and display of physiological signals. In order to solve the problem of power frequency interference and common ground, the circuit is supplied by dry battery. Finally, a multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system is constructed, and the performance of the MAC protocol in a specific scenario is studied by combining the parameters of the human body channel and the hardware index of the system node. To sum up, the research on the characteristics of current-coupled human communication channel, the corresponding equalization measures and the hardware parameters of the node device provides the basis for the choice of modulation mode and communication frequency band of multi-node system. Low power consumption, low radiation and high security reflect the significant advantages of current-coupled human communication, and provide a useful exploration and attempt for the theoretical research and technical application of human body communication technology in multi-node physiological signal acquisition and transmission system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN92

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