【摘要】：彈道導(dǎo)彈目標(biāo)識(shí)別技術(shù)是彈道導(dǎo)彈防御(BMD)系統(tǒng)的重要研究?jī)?nèi)容,從攻擊目標(biāo)群中準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別出彈頭目標(biāo),是成功實(shí)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)彈攔截的前提。彈道導(dǎo)彈中段飛行的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),是真假?gòu)楊^識(shí)別的關(guān)鍵階段。彈道中段目標(biāo)的高分辨一維距離像(HRRP)序列中包含了目標(biāo)的微動(dòng)特征,利用這些微動(dòng)特征可以有效的區(qū)分彈頭和誘餌。本文在分析導(dǎo)彈目標(biāo)微動(dòng)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,基于彈道中段目標(biāo)HRRP序列分別從三個(gè)不同途徑提取出了目標(biāo)的微動(dòng)特征參數(shù),主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1、建立了彈道中段目標(biāo)的微動(dòng)模型,包括錐體彈頭的進(jìn)動(dòng)、章動(dòng)和錐體誘餌的擺動(dòng)、翻滾,然后通過(guò)分析彈道目標(biāo)的微動(dòng)特性,推導(dǎo)了不同微動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的雷達(dá)微多普勒表達(dá)式,并通過(guò)比較各種微動(dòng)狀態(tài)下微多普勒存在的差異,驗(yàn)證了微動(dòng)特征在區(qū)分彈頭和誘餌上的有效性和可行性。2、研究了基于二維圖形檢測(cè)的目標(biāo)微動(dòng)參數(shù)估計(jì)方法。該方法一方面直接利用HRRP序列加權(quán)積累得到目標(biāo)進(jìn)動(dòng)周期的估計(jì)曲線(xiàn),并分別利用MUSIC算法和非線(xiàn)性最小二乘的Gauss-Newton方法估計(jì)了目標(biāo)的進(jìn)動(dòng)頻率,另一方面基于廣義Radon變換(GRT)的曲線(xiàn)檢測(cè)能力估計(jì)了目標(biāo)的進(jìn)動(dòng)角,與傳統(tǒng)的RCS多項(xiàng)式擬合方法相比,改善了估計(jì)精度,且無(wú)需事先得知目標(biāo)的物理結(jié)構(gòu)。3、針對(duì)二維圖形檢測(cè)的計(jì)算復(fù)雜度會(huì)隨著檢測(cè)曲線(xiàn)參數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)和精度要求的上升而大幅度增加的缺點(diǎn),研究了基于各散射點(diǎn)RLOS起伏特性曲線(xiàn)的彈道目標(biāo)中段微動(dòng)參數(shù)估計(jì)方法。該方法利用點(diǎn)跡-航跡配對(duì)方法提取出目標(biāo)各散射點(diǎn)的RLOS起伏特性曲線(xiàn),一方面從散射點(diǎn)的RLOS起伏特性包含的頻率成分中提取出了目標(biāo)的進(jìn)動(dòng)頻率,另一方面通過(guò)提取錐體目標(biāo)頂點(diǎn)散射點(diǎn)的RLOS投影距離極值并根據(jù)幾何關(guān)系估計(jì)了彈道中段進(jìn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)的進(jìn)動(dòng)角。4、為了提高參數(shù)估計(jì)的精度,研究了基于散射中心位置差序列的進(jìn)動(dòng)參數(shù)估計(jì)方法。該方法利用錐體彈頭底面邊緣處始終迎著RLOS的散射點(diǎn)與錐體頂點(diǎn)散射點(diǎn)在RLOS方向上投影的位置差序列與進(jìn)動(dòng)參數(shù)之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系,估計(jì)出彈頭的進(jìn)動(dòng)頻率和進(jìn)動(dòng)角。與利用較大時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)雷達(dá)視線(xiàn)角的變化估計(jì)進(jìn)動(dòng)角的方法相比,該方法的估計(jì)精度和穩(wěn)定性都有所提高。
[Abstract]:Ballistic missile target recognition technology is an important research content of ballistic missile defense (BMD) system. Accurately identifying warhead target from attack target group is the premise of successful missile interception. The longest flight time in the middle of ballistic missile is the key stage of real and false warhead identification. The high-resolution one-dimensional range profile (HRRP) sequence of a target in the middle of a trajectory contains the fretting characteristics of the target, which can be used to effectively distinguish the warhead from the decoy. On the basis of analyzing the fretting characteristics of missile target, the fretting characteristic parameters of the missile target are extracted from three different ways based on the HRRP sequence of the mid-ballistic target. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The fretting model of the target in the middle part of the trajectory is established, including the precession of the pyramidal warhead, the nutation and the swinging and rolling of the pyramidal decoy. Then, by analyzing the fretting characteristics of the ballistic target, the expression of radar microDoppler in different fretting states is derived. By comparing the differences of micro-Doppler in various fretting states, the validity and feasibility of fretting feature in distinguishing warhead from decoy are verified. 2. The method of fretting parameter estimation based on two-dimensional graph detection is studied. On the one hand, the estimation curve of the precession period of the target is obtained by the weighted accumulation of HRRP sequence, and the precession frequency of the target is estimated by using the MUSIC algorithm and the nonlinear least square Gauss-Newton method, respectively. On the other hand, based on the curve detection ability of generalized Radon transform (GRT), the precession angle of the target is estimated. Compared with the traditional RCS polynomial fitting method, the estimation accuracy is improved, and the physical structure of the target is not known in advance. Aiming at the shortcoming that the computational complexity of two-dimensional graph detection will increase greatly with the increase of the number and precision of the parameters of the detection curve, a method for estimating the fretting parameters of ballistic targets based on the RLOS fluctuation characteristic curve of each scattering point is studied. In this method, the RLOS fluctuation characteristic curve of each scattering point is extracted by point-track matching method. On the one hand, the precession frequency of the target is extracted from the frequency components contained in the RLOS fluctuation characteristic of the scattering point. On the other hand, by extracting the RLOS projection distance extremum of the scattering point at the vertex of the cone target and estimating the precession angle of the precession target in the middle part of the trajectory according to the geometric relation, the precession angle of the precession target in the middle part of the trajectory is estimated. The precession parameter estimation method based on scattering center position difference sequence is studied. In this method, the precession frequency and precession angle of the warhead are estimated by using the function relationship between the position difference sequence and the precession parameters of the RLOS scattering point and the cone vertex scattering point projection in the RLOS direction at the bottom edge of the cone warhead. Compared with the method of estimating precession angle by using the variation of radar line of sight angle in large time interval, the accuracy and stability of this method are improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TJ761.3;TN957.51

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