【摘要】：當前我國亟需掌握西太平洋上航母等大型艦艇的動態(tài),基于微波對流層散射的雷達頻譜監(jiān)視能夠滿足高空間、時間覆蓋性及實時性。相對傳統(tǒng)無源探測,對流層散射雷達信號具有特殊的性質。首先在對流層散射理論基礎上建立俯仰向散射模型,分析模型參數(shù)對聚集能量的影響,提出寬頻帶探測系統(tǒng)中接收天線最佳仰角計算方法,研究目標俯仰向多波束對系統(tǒng)帶來的影響,結合典型雷達信號俯仰向特性進行分析。確定了接收天線最佳仰角,得出目標俯仰向多波束時可積累仰角在2度內的波束能量,并且不同仰角的波束有群延遲。其次建立方位向散射模型,研究接收天線方位向如何聚集能量、目標方位向靜止和掃描對測向帶來的影響,分析這些影響與重要參數(shù)的關系,結合典型雷達信號進行說明。得出接收天線方位向需要分集接收,并且存在一個與接收系統(tǒng)無關的最小測向誤差角和最小虛像模糊角,接收天線架設越高對測向越有利。再次建立陣列接收信號模型,分析陣元間相位的變化關系,對比其與傳統(tǒng)值的異同,改進傳統(tǒng)陣列信號處理算法。得出一維等間距線陣中陣元間相位差與陣元編號呈線性關系,但陣列接收對流層散射信號中各陣元間還存在相位擴散項,會引起測向誤差和測向模糊。最后設計并實現(xiàn)了一套模塊式可擴展的高速同步采集記錄系統(tǒng)。整個系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設計,擴展性強,能夠14bit 180MHz連續(xù)采樣,時鐘模塊一級級聯(lián)可實現(xiàn)128路同步采集記錄。
[Abstract]:At present, our country urgently needs to master the dynamics of large ships such as aircraft carriers in the western Pacific Ocean. Radar spectrum monitoring based on microwave tropospheric scattering can satisfy high spatial, time coverage and real-time performance. Compared with traditional passive detection, tropospheric scattering radar signals have special properties. Based on the tropospheric scattering theory, the pitching scattering model is established, and the influence of the model parameters on the aggregation energy is analyzed. A method for calculating the optimal elevation angle of the receiving antenna in the broadband detection system is proposed. The effect of target pitching multi-beam on the system is studied, and the pitching characteristic of typical radar signal is analyzed. The optimum elevation angle of the receiving antenna is determined, and the beam energy with the elevation angle within 2 degrees can be accumulated when the target pitches to multiple beams, and the beam with different elevation angles has group delay. Secondly, the azimuth scattering model is established to study how the energy is gathered in the azimuth direction of the receiving antenna, the influence of the target azimuth static direction and the scanning direction on the direction finding, and the relationship between these effects and the important parameters is analyzed, and the typical radar signal is explained. It is concluded that the azimuth direction of the receiving antenna needs diversity reception, and there exists a minimum direction finding error angle and a minimum false image ambiguity angle independent of the receiving system. The higher the reception antenna is, the more favorable the direction finding is. Thirdly, an array received signal model is established to analyze the phase change relationship between array elements, compare the differences and similarities between the array received signals and traditional values, and improve the traditional array signal processing algorithm. It is concluded that the phase difference between the elements is linearly related to the element number in the one-dimensional equidistant linear array, but there are phase diffusion terms among the elements in the array receiving the tropospheric scattering signal, which will lead to the direction finding error and direction ambiguity. Finally, a modular and extensible high-speed synchronous acquisition and recording system is designed and implemented. The whole system adopts modularization design, strong expansibility, can 14bit 180MHz continuous sampling, clock module level cascade can realize 128-channel synchronous acquisition and record.
【學位授予單位】：國防科學技術大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.51

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