【摘要】：我們成功研發(fā)了一套純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼測(cè)溫激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)。我們?yōu)槔走_(dá)的分光系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)了一臺(tái)雙光柵多色儀,用于提取純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼信號(hào)和抑制彈性波長(zhǎng)雜散光。本文首次介紹了一種用于校準(zhǔn)雙光柵多色儀和檢驗(yàn)其光譜提取能力(中心波長(zhǎng),接收帶寬)的方法。我們的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)擁有大功率孔徑積,使我們能夠在更大的高度范圍(～5-30km),精準(zhǔn)的測(cè)量大氣溫度。高度分辨率為300m,1小時(shí)累積的溫度剖面的1σ統(tǒng)計(jì)不確定性在～17km不超過(guò)0.5K,在-26.3km不超過(guò)2.0K。 本文從理論,實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)分析三個(gè)方面,對(duì)這臺(tái)激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)做了詳細(xì)的介紹。包括：純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼測(cè)溫原理和誤差來(lái)源分析(第2章)；雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),校準(zhǔn)和檢驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)常數(shù)穩(wěn)定性(第3-5章)；雷達(dá)的溫度剖面,中-高對(duì)流層逆溫和大氣溫度變化特點(diǎn)(第5-6章)。具體的工作概括如下： 1.從雷達(dá)方程出發(fā),介紹純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼測(cè)溫的原理,并分析了雷達(dá)測(cè)溫的誤差來(lái)源。對(duì)于我們所采用的雙光柵多色儀提取方式,逼近誤差可以忽略不計(jì)。在后向散射比比較大的情況,泄漏誤差明顯。當(dāng)兩個(gè)純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼通道在彈性波長(zhǎng)的光學(xué)厚度大于6,且高J通道比低J通道的光學(xué)厚度稍大,可以很好的消減泄漏誤差。統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差是測(cè)溫誤差的主要來(lái)源,我們總結(jié)出降低統(tǒng)計(jì)誤差的原則：盡量選擇寬帶接收,并讓兩個(gè)通道的接收帶寬差異盡量小。 2.介紹了純轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)拉曼激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的研制工作,重點(diǎn)介紹了雙光柵多色儀的光路設(shè)計(jì)。我們通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和理論計(jì)算分別確定了光纖耦合方式雷達(dá)的接收視場(chǎng)。我們以雙光柵多色儀中的透鏡光軸作為參考,將光纖束陣列端面中心軸和光柵法線分別與其調(diào)節(jié)重合和平行。在此基礎(chǔ)上,依次校準(zhǔn)兩級(jí)多色儀。最后,檢驗(yàn)了多色儀的光譜提取能力,發(fā)現(xiàn)中心波長(zhǎng)與理論值偏差只有0.05-0.12nm,證明了校準(zhǔn)方法是正確的。通過(guò)比較多次標(biāo)定得到的系統(tǒng)常數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的不確定性對(duì)系統(tǒng)常數(shù)穩(wěn)定性的影響比較小,外界條件的差異對(duì)其影響更大。 3.根據(jù)4.5-14.5km是否存在逆溫層,將高質(zhì)量溫度數(shù)據(jù)分為兩組。通過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)夜晚溫度剖面的詳細(xì)分析,沒(méi)有逆溫層時(shí),整晚所有1小時(shí)溫度結(jié)構(gòu)在對(duì)流層很相似。平均和最大逐小時(shí)溫度變化不超過(guò)1K和～0.5-2.0K。平流層的溫度變化隨高度的升高而增大,平均和最大逐小時(shí)溫度變化分別為～1-3K和～2-6K。天到天的變化,在中-低對(duì)流層和對(duì)流層頂附近的變化要強(qiáng)于逐小時(shí)變化。有逆溫層時(shí),逆溫層內(nèi)的溫度變化顯著,平均和最大逐小時(shí)溫度變化為1-1.6K和接近～3.0K。將整晚的所有1小時(shí)溫度剖面疊在一起,逆溫層的高度會(huì)出現(xiàn)“結(jié)”,這種現(xiàn)象在逆溫層內(nèi)非常普遍。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)“結(jié)”與逆溫層整晚隨風(fēng)剪切層垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)。在逆溫層之外的其他高度,溫度變化與沒(méi)有逆溫層時(shí)的情況類似。 逆溫層和風(fēng)剪切層的中心高度和厚度的分布形態(tài)非常相似。另外,逆溫層和剪切層的中心高度,厚度,強(qiáng)度隨時(shí)間-高度變化比較一致,我們推斷4.5-14.5km的逆溫層與冬春季節(jié)急流產(chǎn)生的強(qiáng)剪切有關(guān)。通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),有逆溫層的夜晚溫度變化幅度整體大于沒(méi)有逆溫層的夜晚,且多在4-12km和15-23km產(chǎn)生更大的溫度變化。而這兩個(gè)高度范圍,緯向風(fēng)的剪切很強(qiáng)。說(shuō)明因強(qiáng)剪切產(chǎn)生的逆溫層,在整晚隨剪切層垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程中,會(huì)帶來(lái)比較明顯的溫度變化。
[Abstract]:We successfully developed a set of pure-rotating Raman temperature measuring laser radar system. We designed a dual-grating multi-color instrument for radar's light-splitting system, which is used for extracting pure-rotating Raman signal and suppressing the stray light of elastic wavelength. In this paper, a method for calibrating a dual-grating multi-color instrument and checking its spectral extraction capability (central wavelength, receiving bandwidth) is presented for the first time. Our radar system has a high-power aperture product so that we can measure the atmospheric temperature more accurately at a greater height (~ 5-30km). The statistical uncertainty of the one-hour statistical uncertainty of the temperature profile accumulated at the height of 300m and 1 hour is not more than 0. 5K at -17km and no more than 2.0K at -263.3km. In this paper, the laser radar system is described in detail from three aspects: theory, experiment and data analysis. Introduction. Includes: pure rotational Raman temperature measurement principle and error source analysis (chapter 2); radar system design, calibration and inspection, system constant stability (chapter 3-5); temperature profile of radar, medium-high troposphere and atmospheric temperature change characteristics (Part 5-6) Chapter). Specific work summary The principle of pure rotational Raman temperature measurement is introduced from the radar equation, and the temperature measurement of radar is also analyzed. The error source of the two-grating multi-color instrument used by us is that the approximation error can in a case where the backward scattering ratio is relatively large, the leakage error is obvious, when the optical thickness of the two pure-rotating raman channels at the elastic wavelength is more than 6, and the optical thickness of the high-j channel is slightly larger than the optical thickness of the low-j channel, the optical thickness of the two pure-rotating raman channels can be well eliminated, Reducing the leakage error. The statistical error is the main source of the temperature measurement error. We summarize the principle of reducing the statistical error: choose the wideband reception as much as possible, and let the receiving bandwidth of the two channels The difference is as small as possible. 2. The development of the pure-rotating Raman laser radar system is introduced, and the double-grating is emphatically introduced. The optical path of the multi-color instrument is designed. The optical fiber coupler is determined by the experimental method and the theoretical calculation, respectively. in the invention, the optical axis of the lens in the double-grating multi-color instrument is taken as a reference, and the central axis of the end face of the optical fiber bundle array and the normal normal of the grating are respectively and which is adjusted to be coincident and parallel, on the basis of which At last, the spectral extraction capability of the multi-color instrument was examined. The deviation between the central wavelength and the theoretical value was found to be only 0.05-0.12nm. The calibration method is correct. By comparing the system constants obtained by multiple calibration, the uncertainty of the signal is found to be less affected by the stability of the system, and the external conditions The difference has a greater effect on it. 3. If there is an inversion layer in accordance with 4.5 -145.5km, it will The high-quality temperature data is divided into two groups. With a detailed analysis of the two night temperature profiles, there is no inversion layer, all the night The temperature structure is very similar in the troposphere. The average and maximum hourly temperature changes do not exceed 1 The temperature change of the stratosphere increases with the increase of the altitude, and the average and maximum hourly temperature changes are The changes of ~ 1-3K and ~ 2-6K. on the day to day, in the middle-low troposphere and the tropopause The change in the inversion layer is stronger than the one-hour change. In the case of an inversion layer, the temperature in the inversion layer changes significantly, and the average and maximum hourly temperature change is 1-1.. 6K and close to-3.0K. All the 1-hour temperature profiles all night are stacked together, and the height of the inversion layer will appear in the "trunk>" The " junction" and the inversion layer all night relative to the vertical movement of the shear layer of the wind. The center height and thickness of the inversion layer and the shear layer are very similar. In addition, the center height, thickness and strength of the inversion layer and the shear layer are more consistent with the time-height variation, and we conclude that the inverse temperature layer of 4.5-145.5km The results of the statistical analysis show that the temperature variation of the night temperature of the inversion layer is greater than that of the night without the inversion layer, and it is more than 4-12km and 15.-23km, resulting in greater temperature changes. a high-range, weft-to-wind shear. It is a process of vertical movement of the shear layer all night due to the inversion of the thermal layer due to strong shea
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P406;TN958.98

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