【摘要】：隨著移動(dòng)設(shè)備和無線局域網(wǎng)的普及,定位服務(wù)越來越成為人們生活中必不可少的功能。相比于目前已經(jīng)很成熟的戶外GPS地圖定位,室內(nèi)位置信息的獲取,特別是在場(chǎng)地復(fù)雜的公共場(chǎng)所比如大型超市、商場(chǎng)、博物館等環(huán)境中,也成為日益需求的服務(wù)。而隨著室內(nèi)無線信號(hào)設(shè)施被廣泛部署,該技術(shù)的應(yīng)用覆蓋廣以及部署開銷小的優(yōu)勢(shì),使得基于WLAN的室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)成為近年來定位服務(wù)領(lǐng)域重要的研究發(fā)展方向。 本文對(duì)WLAN室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入研究,首先分析了WLAN室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上,在已部署接入點(diǎn)(Access Points, APs)的場(chǎng)景下研究室內(nèi)定位技術(shù),對(duì)基于指紋的室內(nèi)定位中的AP選擇算法進(jìn)行了分析,并提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)算法,提高了室內(nèi)定位算法的精度,具體工作如下： 一、本文通過在已部署APs的無線室內(nèi)場(chǎng)景中采集無線信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù),從定位的角度分析了無線WiFi信號(hào)在復(fù)雜的室內(nèi)環(huán)境中的傳播特性,并且考慮在實(shí)現(xiàn)定位算法時(shí)采樣點(diǎn)位置和間距、選擇的AP個(gè)數(shù),以及室內(nèi)環(huán)境特別是墻壁、走動(dòng)的人群對(duì)定位誤差的影響。對(duì)于這些因素目前主要是靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)來確定,而本文通過真實(shí)室內(nèi)辦公環(huán)境下定位實(shí)驗(yàn),分析了上述條件對(duì)室內(nèi)定位誤差的影響,為后面AP選擇算法的優(yōu)化和定位系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了很好的理論支持。 二、本文重點(diǎn)研究了無線室內(nèi)定位中指紋庫匹配定位方法中的AP選擇算法,以提高基于指紋的定位技術(shù)的精度和穩(wěn)定性。對(duì)于定位技術(shù)中的AP選擇策略,本文考慮在構(gòu)建指紋庫時(shí),對(duì)采樣點(diǎn)采集到的多個(gè)APs無線信號(hào),選取哪些APs的信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)作為樣本,使得能夠在減小實(shí)時(shí)定位計(jì)算復(fù)雜度的同時(shí),又能過濾掉誤差較大的采樣數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)而提高定位精度。本文提出了新的算法——穩(wěn)定AP優(yōu)先算法,對(duì)于接收到的APs無線信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù),選擇受環(huán)境影響最小且出現(xiàn)頻率最高的APs的樣本數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)到指紋庫中。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,相比于已有的AP選擇算法,穩(wěn)定AP優(yōu)先算法取得了較高的定位精度。 三、本文在Android移動(dòng)終端上實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)無線室內(nèi)定位原型應(yīng)用系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)中采用了本文提出的穩(wěn)定AP優(yōu)先算法和廣泛應(yīng)用的最近鄰定位算法。通過實(shí)際環(huán)境測(cè)試,該定位原型系統(tǒng)能夠很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)定位功能,定位精度達(dá)到2米。該系統(tǒng)為以后基于指紋的WLAN室內(nèi)定位關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 本文的研究成果對(duì)于提高無線室內(nèi)定位方法的精度具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the popularity of mobile devices and wireless local area networks (WLAN), positioning services have become an essential function in people's lives. Compared with the mature outdoor GPS map location, the acquisition of indoor location information, especially in complex public places such as supermarkets, shopping malls, museums and other environments, has become an increasingly demanding service. With the wide deployment of indoor wireless signal facilities and the advantages of wide application coverage and low deployment overhead, indoor positioning technology based on WLAN has become an important research and development direction in the field of location services in recent years. In this paper, the WLAN indoor positioning technology is deeply studied. Firstly, the research status of WLAN indoor positioning technology is analyzed. On this basis, the indoor positioning technology is studied under the scene of (Access Points, APs), the deployed access point. This paper analyzes the AP selection algorithm in indoor location based on fingerprint, and puts forward the corresponding improved algorithm, which improves the precision of indoor location algorithm. The specific work is as follows: 1. In this paper, by collecting wireless signal data in the wireless indoor scene of deployed APs, the propagation characteristics of wireless WiFi signal in complex indoor environment are analyzed from the point of view of location, and the location and spacing of sampling points are considered when the localization algorithm is implemented. The number of selected AP, as well as the impact of indoor environment, especially the wall, moving crowd on the positioning error. For these factors are mainly determined by experience, and through the real indoor office environment positioning experiments, the above conditions on the impact of indoor positioning error, It provides a good theoretical support for the optimization of AP selection algorithm and the design and implementation of location system. Secondly, this paper focuses on the AP selection algorithm of fingerprint database matching location in wireless indoor location, in order to improve the accuracy and stability of fingerprint based location technology. For the AP selection strategy in the localization technology, this paper considers which APs signal data can be selected as samples for the multiple APs wireless signals collected from the sampling points when constructing the fingerprint database, which makes it possible to reduce the computational complexity of real-time location at the same time. The sampling data with large error can be filtered out, and the positioning accuracy can be improved. In this paper, a new algorithm, the stable AP priority algorithm, is proposed. For the received APs wireless signal data, the sample data of the APs which is the least affected by the environment and the highest frequency is selected to be stored in the fingerprint database. Compared with the existing AP selection algorithm, the stable AP priority algorithm has achieved higher positioning accuracy. Thirdly, this paper implements a wireless indoor positioning prototype application system on Android mobile terminal. The stable AP priority algorithm and the nearest neighbor location algorithm which are widely used in the system are used in the system. Through the actual environment test, the positioning prototype system can realize the indoor positioning function well, and the positioning accuracy is 2 meters. The system lays a foundation for the future research of the key technologies of WLAN indoor location based on fingerprint. The research results of this paper have certain application value to improve the precision of wireless indoor positioning method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN925.93

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本文編號(hào)：2349855