【摘要】：陸地資源的日益減少使人們把目光投向了海洋，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，水下通信的技術(shù)也逐漸得到了人們的關(guān)注。無論是在國(guó)防軍事領(lǐng)域、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域還是民用領(lǐng)域，水下通信的實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確都是其水下活動(dòng)的的先決條件和可靠保障。然而，水下通信系統(tǒng)中最基本也是最關(guān)鍵的問題就是如何設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)高效穩(wěn)定的發(fā)射機(jī)確保信號(hào)的正確傳輸，同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)靈活可變的接收機(jī)確保信號(hào)的正常接收。因此本論文針對(duì)這一問題，分別設(shè)計(jì)、制作、調(diào)試了與水聲換能器相匹配的發(fā)射機(jī)和可以自動(dòng)控制增益的接收機(jī)，并測(cè)試該水下通信系統(tǒng)的性能。 首先，本文對(duì)水下通信技術(shù)的研究背景和實(shí)際意義進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹，著重分析了水聲換能器的技術(shù)參數(shù)和等效電路模型，并對(duì)其匹配形式進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的研究，給出了該水聲通信系統(tǒng)的工作頻率和頻帶寬度等技術(shù)指標(biāo)。 其次，針對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)水聲換能器的發(fā)射機(jī)，分析討論了不同種類功率放大器的性能差異和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)功耗小、效率高、穩(wěn)定可靠、線性良好等技術(shù)指標(biāo)，采用了D類功率放大的方式，為此分別設(shè)計(jì)了PWM調(diào)制模塊、死區(qū)控制模塊、驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊、功率放大模塊、濾波輸出模塊，再將這幾部分整合形成滿足要求的水聲發(fā)射機(jī)。 再次，由于水下傳播距離的不同，，對(duì)于信號(hào)衰減的程度也不同，為了在一定的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍內(nèi)穩(wěn)定接收信號(hào)，便于對(duì)接收到的信號(hào)進(jìn)行后續(xù)的信號(hào)處理，同時(shí)為了減少程控芯片內(nèi)存的壓力，本文通過設(shè)計(jì)硬件電路，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一款滿足80dB大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍具有自動(dòng)控制增益效果的水聲接收機(jī)。 最后，在實(shí)際的水下環(huán)境中對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)進(jìn)行實(shí)際的測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)，測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，水聲發(fā)射機(jī)穩(wěn)定可靠、效率高、熱損耗小；接收機(jī)性能穩(wěn)定，在一定的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍下可將接收信號(hào)穩(wěn)定在預(yù)期幅值。因此，該水聲通信系統(tǒng)基本達(dá)到預(yù)期指標(biāo)，具有穩(wěn)定可靠的性能。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, people pay more and more attention to the underwater communication technology. The real-time accuracy of underwater communication is the precondition and reliable guarantee of underwater activities, whether in the field of national defense, industry or civilian. However, the most basic and key problem in underwater communication system is how to design an efficient and stable transmitter to ensure the correct transmission of the signal, and to design a flexible and variable receiver to ensure the normal reception of the signal. Therefore, in this paper, the transmitter matching with underwater acoustic transducer and the receiver which can automatically control the gain are designed, fabricated and debugged respectively, and the performance of the underwater communication system is tested. Firstly, the research background and practical significance of underwater communication technology are briefly introduced, and the technical parameters and equivalent circuit model of underwater acoustic transducer are emphatically analyzed, and the corresponding matching forms are studied. The operating frequency and bandwidth of the underwater acoustic communication system are given. Secondly, aiming at the transmitter driving underwater acoustic transducer, the performance difference and structure characteristics of different kinds of power amplifiers are analyzed and discussed. In order to realize the technical indexes of low power consumption, high efficiency, stability and reliability, good linearity, etc. For this reason, the PWM modulation module, dead-time control module, driving module, power amplifier module, filter output module are designed, and the underwater acoustic transmitters are integrated to meet the requirements. Thirdly, because of the difference of underwater propagation distance, the degree of signal attenuation is also different. In order to stabilize the received signal in a certain dynamic range, it is convenient for the received signal to carry on the follow-up signal processing. At the same time, in order to reduce the pressure of programmable chip memory, a underwater acoustic receiver with automatic gain control effect in large dynamic range of 80dB is realized by designing hardware circuit. Finally, the test results of the designed transmitter and receiver in the underwater environment show that the underwater acoustic transmitter is stable and reliable, with high efficiency and low heat loss. The performance of the receiver is stable and the received signal can be stabilized in the expected amplitude in a certain dynamic range. Therefore, the underwater acoustic communication system basically meets the expected targets and has stable and reliable performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.3

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