【摘要】：隨著嵌入式技術(shù)、無線通訊技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使得具有低功耗、多功能、低成本等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN)在各行各業(yè)得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。與此同時(shí),因?yàn)閭鞲衅鞴?jié)點(diǎn)攜帶能量有限等缺點(diǎn),使得WSN也暴露出了許多的缺點(diǎn)和不足。為了節(jié)省節(jié)點(diǎn)能量、延長(zhǎng)WSN工作時(shí)間,許多WSN節(jié)能方法涌現(xiàn)出來。其中,WSN的覆蓋控制方法因?yàn)槟苡行У墓?jié)省節(jié)點(diǎn)能量、提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)質(zhì)量,而得到了眾多學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。本文在分析研究WSN各類覆蓋控制方法的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)現(xiàn)有覆蓋控制方法需要復(fù)雜計(jì)算,并且通常忽略了傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)自身工作特性這一問題,提出了一種新的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋控制方法:首先網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有節(jié)點(diǎn)為休眠狀態(tài),隨機(jī)選擇一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)開始工作。該節(jié)點(diǎn)以兩種不同的通訊半徑向其鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送報(bào)文,對(duì)鄰居區(qū)域進(jìn)行劃分,使得其鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)集被劃分成兩類不同節(jié)點(diǎn)集合:適用于喚醒的節(jié)點(diǎn)集合——外點(diǎn)集合,其所在區(qū)域?yàn)橥恻c(diǎn)限定區(qū)域;適用于替換工作節(jié)點(diǎn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)集合一內(nèi)點(diǎn)集合,其所在的區(qū)域?yàn)閮?nèi)點(diǎn)限定區(qū)域。隨后網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)入初始化階段,每一個(gè)工作節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)優(yōu)先級(jí)從其外點(diǎn)限定區(qū)域內(nèi)隨機(jī)選擇一個(gè)休眠節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行喚醒。初始化階段后網(wǎng)絡(luò)達(dá)到穩(wěn)定階段,當(dāng)有節(jié)點(diǎn)電量耗盡后,會(huì)隨機(jī)從其內(nèi)點(diǎn)限定區(qū)域內(nèi)選擇一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)喚醒,來填補(bǔ)失效節(jié)點(diǎn)所造成的覆蓋空洞。因?yàn)檫x取節(jié)點(diǎn)的距離在一個(gè)可控范圍內(nèi),所以能有效的控制傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)工作時(shí)所造成的冗余覆蓋面積。最后進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),得出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,并與典型的覆蓋控制算法的仿真結(jié)果做了對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明,本文中提出的方法在可以滿足需求網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋度的基礎(chǔ)上,能減少工作節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量,降低覆蓋冗余度,從而達(dá)到了節(jié)省節(jié)點(diǎn)能量,延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:With the development of embedded technology and wireless communication technology, wireless sensor network (WSN), which has the advantages of low power consumption, multi-function and low cost, has been widely used in various industries. At the same time, because the sensor nodes carry limited energy and other shortcomings, WSN also exposed a lot of shortcomings and shortcomings. In order to save node energy and prolong the working time of WSN, many WSN energy saving methods have emerged. Among them, the coverage control method of WSN has been widely concerned by many scholars because it can effectively save energy of nodes and improve the quality of network service. Based on the analysis and study of various coverage control methods in WSN, the existing coverage control methods need complex calculation, and the performance of sensor nodes is usually ignored. A new coverage control method for sensor networks is proposed. Firstly, all nodes in the network are dormant and one node is selected randomly to start work. The node sends messages to its neighbor nodes with two different communication radii, and divides the neighbor regions into two different sets of nodes: the set of nodes suitable for wake-up, the set of outer points, The region is defined by the outer point. The set of nodes suitable for replacing working nodes is a set of interiors in which the region is defined as the inner point. Then the network is initialized and each working node randomly selects a dormant node to wake up according to its priority. After the initialization stage the network reaches the stable stage. When the power of the node is exhausted a node wake-up is randomly selected from the limited area within the node to fill the coverage void caused by the failure node. Because the distance of the sensor node is in a controllable range, the redundant coverage area can be effectively controlled when the sensor node is working. Finally, the simulation results are obtained and compared with those of the typical overlay control algorithm. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the number of working nodes and reduce the coverage redundancy on the basis of satisfying the requirements of network coverage, thus achieving the goal of saving node energy and prolonging the network lifetime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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