無人機測控陣列天線組陣技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 18:33
【摘要】：近年來,無人機技術(shù)及應(yīng)用成為世界各國普遍重視的爭相發(fā)展技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,無人機向著系列化系統(tǒng)化的方向發(fā)展,中近程無人機由于開發(fā)和使用成本較低,同時,由于中近程無人機不需要機場或?qū)Ｓ门艿?具有起降條件要求低,起降風險小的特點,成為無人機應(yīng)用的主力機型。無人機地面控制站是無人機系統(tǒng)必不可少的組成部分,目前無人機地面控制站向著車載、便攜、輕型化發(fā)展,同時越來越重視一站多機測控體制的研究,因此,作為多機測控的重要信道設(shè)備,無人機測控陣列天線組陣技術(shù)研究也具有非常重要的意義。目前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的是中小型無人機,其航程在10至50Km左右,而便攜式多地面測控設(shè)備常采用全向天線,天線增益不高,導(dǎo)致無人機的工作距離難以達到上限。通過提高地面天線增益,可以在不增加機載測控設(shè)備功耗的條件小,有效拉遠設(shè)備作用距離;采用多波束電子波束掃描技術(shù),可以消除地面站天線對伺服機的依賴,減輕設(shè)備重量,提高設(shè)備的使用的靈活性。在以往無人機測控天線技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文對L波段無人機測控陣列天線組陣技術(shù)進行了深入研究,結(jié)合工程實際,進行了具體設(shè)計方案的論述和天線、多波束網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計仿真。本文所作的主要工作有:首先簡要介紹了國內(nèi)外無人機測控相關(guān)技術(shù)發(fā)展和設(shè)備情況,并對本文涉及到的一站多機測控陣列天線的技術(shù)難度、解決措施進行的描述。其次,對一站多機陣列天線的實現(xiàn)方案進行了描述,制定了輕型化便攜無人機測控陣列天線設(shè)計方案。詳細介紹了微帶天線工作原理及其寬帶設(shè)計的基本方法、無源固定多波束網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作原理與寬帶設(shè)計方法,并對基于相控陣的時分多波束和基于巴特勒矩陣的無源多波束體制進行了系統(tǒng)指標分析,確認了相關(guān)部件的技術(shù)要求,利用HFSS、Designer電磁仿真工具對天線單元、巴特勒矩陣以及陣列組陣后的方向圖進行了仿真,并對仿真結(jié)果進行了分析和總結(jié)。最后,對完成的部分組件進行了詳細的指標測試和深入分析,測試數(shù)據(jù)表明該設(shè)計方案能夠滿足總體的各項指標要求,體積小、重量輕、性能優(yōu)異。為以后原理樣機的改進和定型提供了重要的技術(shù)儲備。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the technology and application of UAV have been paid more and more attention to all over the world. The UAV is developing in the direction of serialization and systematization. The cost of developing and using medium and short-range UAV is low, at the same time, Because medium and short range UAV does not need airport or special runway, it has the characteristics of low take-off and landing conditions and low take-off and landing risk, so it becomes the main type of UAV application. UAV ground control station is an essential part of UAV system. At present, UAV ground control station is developing towards vehicle, portable and lightweight. At the same time, more and more attention is paid to the research of multi-station measurement and control system. As an important channel equipment for multi-machine measurement and control, the research on antenna array technology of UAV TT & C array is also of great significance. At present, the most widely used UAV is the small and medium-sized UAV, its range is about 10 to 50Km, but the portable multi-ground measurement and control equipment often uses omnidirectional antenna, the antenna gain is not high, so the working distance of UAV is difficult to reach the upper limit. By increasing the ground antenna gain, it can effectively pull the operating distance of the equipment without increasing the power consumption of the airborne measurement and control equipment, and the dependence of the earth station antenna on the servo machine can be eliminated by adopting the multi-beam electron beam scanning technology. Reduce the weight of the equipment, improve the flexibility of the use of equipment. On the basis of the previous UAV TT & C antenna technology, the antenna array technology of L-band UAV TT & C array is deeply studied in this paper. Combined with the engineering practice, the detailed design scheme and antenna are discussed. Design and simulation of multi-beam network. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the development and equipment of UAV TT & C technology at home and abroad are briefly introduced, and the technical difficulty and solving measures of the single station and multi-machine TT & C array antenna involved in this paper are described. Secondly, the realization scheme of single station and multi-machine array antenna is described, and the design scheme of light portable UAV measurement and control array antenna is established. The principle of microstrip antenna and the basic method of broadband design, the working principle of passive fixed multi-beam network and the method of broadband design are introduced in detail. The system indexes of time-division multi-beam system based on phased array and passive multi-beam system based on Butler matrix are analyzed, and the technical requirements of related components are confirmed. The antenna unit is analyzed by HFSS,Designer electromagnetic simulation tool. The Butler matrix and the pattern behind the array are simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed and summarized. Finally, some components are tested and analyzed in detail. The test data show that the design can meet the overall requirements, small volume, light weight, excellent performance. It provides an important technical reserve for the improvement and finalization of the prototype in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：V279;TN822
本文編號：2271280
[Abstract]:In recent years, the technology and application of UAV have been paid more and more attention to all over the world. The UAV is developing in the direction of serialization and systematization. The cost of developing and using medium and short-range UAV is low, at the same time, Because medium and short range UAV does not need airport or special runway, it has the characteristics of low take-off and landing conditions and low take-off and landing risk, so it becomes the main type of UAV application. UAV ground control station is an essential part of UAV system. At present, UAV ground control station is developing towards vehicle, portable and lightweight. At the same time, more and more attention is paid to the research of multi-station measurement and control system. As an important channel equipment for multi-machine measurement and control, the research on antenna array technology of UAV TT & C array is also of great significance. At present, the most widely used UAV is the small and medium-sized UAV, its range is about 10 to 50Km, but the portable multi-ground measurement and control equipment often uses omnidirectional antenna, the antenna gain is not high, so the working distance of UAV is difficult to reach the upper limit. By increasing the ground antenna gain, it can effectively pull the operating distance of the equipment without increasing the power consumption of the airborne measurement and control equipment, and the dependence of the earth station antenna on the servo machine can be eliminated by adopting the multi-beam electron beam scanning technology. Reduce the weight of the equipment, improve the flexibility of the use of equipment. On the basis of the previous UAV TT & C antenna technology, the antenna array technology of L-band UAV TT & C array is deeply studied in this paper. Combined with the engineering practice, the detailed design scheme and antenna are discussed. Design and simulation of multi-beam network. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the development and equipment of UAV TT & C technology at home and abroad are briefly introduced, and the technical difficulty and solving measures of the single station and multi-machine TT & C array antenna involved in this paper are described. Secondly, the realization scheme of single station and multi-machine array antenna is described, and the design scheme of light portable UAV measurement and control array antenna is established. The principle of microstrip antenna and the basic method of broadband design, the working principle of passive fixed multi-beam network and the method of broadband design are introduced in detail. The system indexes of time-division multi-beam system based on phased array and passive multi-beam system based on Butler matrix are analyzed, and the technical requirements of related components are confirmed. The antenna unit is analyzed by HFSS,Designer electromagnetic simulation tool. The Butler matrix and the pattern behind the array are simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed and summarized. Finally, some components are tested and analyzed in detail. The test data show that the design can meet the overall requirements, small volume, light weight, excellent performance. It provides an important technical reserve for the improvement and finalization of the prototype in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：V279;TN822
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 陳春紅;葉海榮;孫國俊;;毫米波Rotman透鏡天線設(shè)計[J];電子工程師;2006年11期
，本文編號：2271280
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