【摘要】：無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由大量能量和計(jì)算能力受限的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成的。由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的通信范圍有限并且在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中分布的密度比較大,無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中數(shù)據(jù)包的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)要經(jīng)過(guò)多跳傳輸,因此,路由協(xié)議一直是無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)重要的研究領(lǐng)域之一�，F(xiàn)今,多徑路由協(xié)議也被廣泛的應(yīng)用在無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,它通過(guò)有效利用無(wú)線(xiàn)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的資源來(lái)提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能,有實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文在研究單徑路由協(xié)議GPSR的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于地理位置的能量有效多徑路由協(xié)議GEMR。首先,對(duì)GPSR協(xié)議進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的描述和分析,然后針對(duì)GPSR協(xié)議的不足提出了GEMR協(xié)議,該協(xié)議改進(jìn)了GPSR協(xié)議只根據(jù)距離建立路徑的缺點(diǎn),綜合考慮剩余能量和距離兩個(gè)因素建立主路徑和多條替換路徑,根據(jù)實(shí)際的應(yīng)用環(huán)境靈活的選擇替換路徑數(shù)目。最后,在對(duì)擁塞控制機(jī)制進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的描述和分析的基礎(chǔ)上,為GEMR協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)了一種多徑緩沖擁塞控制機(jī)制MBCC,該機(jī)制使用雙緩沖閾值判斷和檢測(cè)擁塞,并采取降低端系統(tǒng)發(fā)送速率和將流量轉(zhuǎn)到替換路徑兩種方法控制擁塞。該機(jī)制能很好的檢測(cè)和控制GEMR協(xié)議的擁塞。多徑GEMR協(xié)議和k-MGPSR協(xié)議.GPSR協(xié)議的Matlab仿真對(duì)比分析結(jié)果表明:GEMR協(xié)議較k-MGPSR協(xié)議可以有效節(jié)約能耗,使網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量負(fù)載均衡并且可以延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存時(shí)間；GEMR協(xié)議較單徑GPSR協(xié)議能夠提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃?同時(shí)也能延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間,使網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量負(fù)載均衡。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks are composed of sensor nodes with limited energy and computing power. Because the communication range of sensor nodes is limited and the density of distribution in the network is relatively large, the forwarding of data packets in wireless sensor networks has to be transmitted through multiple hops, so, Routing protocol is one of the most important research fields in wireless sensor networks. Nowadays, multipath routing protocol is also widely used in wireless sensor networks. It can improve the performance of wireless sensor networks by effectively utilizing the resources of wireless sensor networks. Based on the study of single path routing protocol (GPSR), an energy efficient multipath routing protocol (GEMR.) based on geographical location is designed in this paper. Firstly, the GPSR protocol is described and analyzed in detail, and then the GEMR protocol is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the GPSR protocol. This protocol improves the disadvantage of the GPSR protocol that only builds the path according to the distance. Considering two factors of residual energy and distance, the main path and multiple alternative paths are established, and the number of alternative paths is flexibly selected according to the actual application environment. Finally, based on the detailed description and analysis of congestion control mechanism, a multi-path buffer congestion control mechanism, MBCC, is designed for GEMR protocol. The mechanism uses double buffer threshold to judge and detect congestion. Two methods are adopted to control congestion, which are to reduce the transmission rate of the end system and to transfer the traffic to the replacement path. This mechanism can detect and control the congestion of GEMR protocol well. The Matlab simulation results of multipath GEMR protocol and k-MGPSR protocol. GPSSR protocol show that compared with k-MGPSR protocol, the Matlab / GEMR protocol can save energy consumption effectively, balance the network energy load and prolong the lifetime of the network. Compared with single path GPSR protocol, GEMR protocol can improve the reliability of data transmission, prolong the network lifetime and balance the network energy load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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