【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡是由大量能量和計算能力受限的傳感器節(jié)點組成的。由于傳感器節(jié)點的通信范圍有限并且在網(wǎng)絡中分布的密度比較大,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中數(shù)據(jù)包的轉發(fā)要經(jīng)過多跳傳輸,因此,路由協(xié)議一直是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡重要的研究領域之一�，F(xiàn)今,多徑路由協(xié)議也被廣泛的應用在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中,它通過有效利用無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的資源來提高網(wǎng)絡的性能,有實用價值。本文在研究單徑路由協(xié)議GPSR的基礎上設計了一種基于地理位置的能量有效多徑路由協(xié)議GEMR。首先,對GPSR協(xié)議進行詳細的描述和分析,然后針對GPSR協(xié)議的不足提出了GEMR協(xié)議,該協(xié)議改進了GPSR協(xié)議只根據(jù)距離建立路徑的缺點,綜合考慮剩余能量和距離兩個因素建立主路徑和多條替換路徑,根據(jù)實際的應用環(huán)境靈活的選擇替換路徑數(shù)目。最后,在對擁塞控制機制進行詳細的描述和分析的基礎上,為GEMR協(xié)議設計了一種多徑緩沖擁塞控制機制MBCC,該機制使用雙緩沖閾值判斷和檢測擁塞,并采取降低端系統(tǒng)發(fā)送速率和將流量轉到替換路徑兩種方法控制擁塞。該機制能很好的檢測和控制GEMR協(xié)議的擁塞。多徑GEMR協(xié)議和k-MGPSR協(xié)議.GPSR協(xié)議的Matlab仿真對比分析結果表明:GEMR協(xié)議較k-MGPSR協(xié)議可以有效節(jié)約能耗,使網(wǎng)絡能量負載均衡并且可以延長網(wǎng)絡的生存時間；GEMR協(xié)議較單徑GPSR協(xié)議能夠提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃?同時也能延長網(wǎng)絡生存時間,使網(wǎng)絡能量負載均衡。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks are composed of sensor nodes with limited energy and computing power. Because the communication range of sensor nodes is limited and the density of distribution in the network is relatively large, the forwarding of data packets in wireless sensor networks has to be transmitted through multiple hops, so, Routing protocol is one of the most important research fields in wireless sensor networks. Nowadays, multipath routing protocol is also widely used in wireless sensor networks. It can improve the performance of wireless sensor networks by effectively utilizing the resources of wireless sensor networks. Based on the study of single path routing protocol (GPSR), an energy efficient multipath routing protocol (GEMR.) based on geographical location is designed in this paper. Firstly, the GPSR protocol is described and analyzed in detail, and then the GEMR protocol is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the GPSR protocol. This protocol improves the disadvantage of the GPSR protocol that only builds the path according to the distance. Considering two factors of residual energy and distance, the main path and multiple alternative paths are established, and the number of alternative paths is flexibly selected according to the actual application environment. Finally, based on the detailed description and analysis of congestion control mechanism, a multi-path buffer congestion control mechanism, MBCC, is designed for GEMR protocol. The mechanism uses double buffer threshold to judge and detect congestion. Two methods are adopted to control congestion, which are to reduce the transmission rate of the end system and to transfer the traffic to the replacement path. This mechanism can detect and control the congestion of GEMR protocol well. The Matlab simulation results of multipath GEMR protocol and k-MGPSR protocol. GPSSR protocol show that compared with k-MGPSR protocol, the Matlab / GEMR protocol can save energy consumption effectively, balance the network energy load and prolong the lifetime of the network. Compared with single path GPSR protocol, GEMR protocol can improve the reliability of data transmission, prolong the network lifetime and balance the network energy load.
【學位授予單位】：南京郵電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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