【摘要】：隨著通信技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展,人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的需求對(duì)通信系統(tǒng)的要求也越來(lái)越高。天線作為通信系統(tǒng)中至關(guān)重要的組成部分,其性能的優(yōu)劣將會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)通信系統(tǒng)的性能產(chǎn)生影響�；咎炀�一般采用偶極子天線作為基本單元,而偶極子天線一般需要離地面四分之一波長(zhǎng)。微帶天線因?yàn)槠涞推拭�、低成本等很多�?dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。圓極化天線有著可以有效減小多徑干擾、在發(fā)射與接收天線之間沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的方向性等很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此廣泛應(yīng)用于移動(dòng)通信、全球定位系統(tǒng)GPS、無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)WLAN、衛(wèi)星通信等眾多領(lǐng)域中。論文主要對(duì)新型巴倫結(jié)構(gòu)、低輪廓LTE基站天線和低剖面圓極化天線進(jìn)行了研究。作者的主要研究工作概括為:1、對(duì)寬帶功分器及其應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了研究。首先設(shè)計(jì)了單節(jié)和多節(jié)寬帶同相功分器;其次設(shè)計(jì)了一種新型寬帶反相功分器,并且在此基礎(chǔ)上作了兩種不同的改進(jìn),主要改進(jìn)了輸入端口的回波損耗、插入損耗以及傳輸相位,仿真結(jié)果顯示這兩種方案取得了良好的效果;最后設(shè)計(jì)了帶巴倫結(jié)構(gòu)的偶極子,制作了天線樣機(jī)并且進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示該偶極子具有良好的電特性和輻射特性。2、對(duì)雙頻、低剖面以及高隔離基站天線單元及陣列進(jìn)行了研究。首先設(shè)計(jì)了四點(diǎn)饋電的單層和雙層微帶天線單元,其中,使用四點(diǎn)饋電可以有效地提高該雙極化天線兩個(gè)輸出端口之間的隔離,確定了使用雙層微帶天線作為基站天線的基本單元;其次設(shè)計(jì)了2×1和4×1的基站天線陣列,并且討論了陣元之間的間距對(duì)天線性能的影響;最后制作了4×1陣列天線樣機(jī),并且進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示該天線具有較好的電特性以及輻射特性。3、對(duì)低剖面圓極化天線進(jìn)行了研究。首先設(shè)計(jì)了線極化磁偶極子天線,并且研究了各參數(shù)對(duì)其性能的影響;其次在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了具有低剖面、可嵌入等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的低剖面圓極化GPS天線,制作了天線樣機(jī)并且進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,測(cè)試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果相吻合;最后驗(yàn)證了該天線可以嵌入飛行器中,將天線嵌入到飛行器中,利用仿真軟件HFSS進(jìn)行建模仿真,結(jié)果顯示飛行器對(duì)天線的影響很小。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of communication technology, the increasing demand for communication systems is becoming more and more important. Antenna is an important part of communication system, and its performance will affect the performance of the whole communication system. The base station antenna usually uses the dipole antenna as the basic unit, and the dipole antenna usually needs 1/4 wavelength off the ground. Microstrip antennas have attracted more and more attention because of their unique advantages such as low profile, low cost and so on. Circular polarization antenna has many advantages, such as reducing multipath interference effectively and not having strict directivity between transmitting and receiving antenna, so it is widely used in mobile communication. Global Positioning system (GPS,) wireless LAN WLAN, satellite communication and many other fields. In this paper, a novel Barron structure, a low profile LTE base station antenna and a low profile circular polarization antenna are studied. The author's main research work is summarized as: 1. The broadband power divider and its application are studied. First, a single-section and multi-section wideband in-phase splitter is designed, and then a new broadband inverse-phase splitter is designed, and on this basis, two different improvements are made, which mainly improve the return loss of the input port. The simulation results show that the two schemes have achieved good results. Finally, a dipole with Barron structure is designed, an antenna prototype is made and measured. The test results show that the dipole has good electrical and radiation characteristics. The antenna elements and arrays of dual-frequency, low-profile and high-isolation base stations are studied. Firstly, a four-point fed single-layer and double-layer microstrip antenna elements are designed, in which the isolation between the two output ports of the dual-polarization antenna can be effectively improved by using the four-point feed. The base station antenna array of 2 脳 1 and 4 脳 1 is designed, and the effect of the spacing between the elements on the antenna performance is discussed. Finally, a prototype of 4 脳 1 array antenna is made. The test results show that the antenna has good electrical and radiation characteristics. The low profile circularly polarized antenna is studied. Firstly, the linear polarization magnetic dipole antenna is designed, and the influence of various parameters on its performance is studied. Secondly, a low profile circular polarization GPS antenna with low profile and embeddable characteristics is designed. The antenna prototype is made and measured, and the test results are in agreement with the simulation results. Finally, it is verified that the antenna can be embedded into the aircraft, and the antenna can be embedded into the aircraft. The simulation software HFSS is used to model and simulate the antenna. The results show that the aircraft has little effect on the antenna.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN821.1

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