星間激光通信終端及其實驗室檢測平臺光學(xué)系統(tǒng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-13 07:55
【摘要】：激光通信具有信息容量大、光學(xué)增益高、高度抗干擾和抗截獲能力等突出優(yōu)點，得到了國內(nèi)外廣大關(guān)注。激光通信中光學(xué)系統(tǒng)支路繁多、波像差要求極高，對光學(xué)元件的加工和裝調(diào)要求非常嚴(yán)格，因此研究合理的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，建立像差和通信性能參數(shù)之間關(guān)系，可以有效指導(dǎo)設(shè)計、加工和裝調(diào)；通信終端通信距離非常遠(yuǎn)，難以在地面開展行之有效的試驗，所以研制終端檢測所需的實驗室平臺和空間通信鏈路模擬設(shè)備是評估終端整體性能的有效途徑。 在不考慮大氣、電子學(xué)等影響的前提下，本文針對通信終端不同支路的作用特點和探測方式，建立了發(fā)射系統(tǒng)單色像差和遠(yuǎn)場激光能量分布、接收系統(tǒng)單色像差和跟蹤精度、接收功率以及通信系統(tǒng)誤碼率之間的關(guān)系，并利用建立的關(guān)系分析了單色像差對于指向、跟蹤精度和誤碼率的影響；分析結(jié)果表明，慧差和傾斜將嚴(yán)重影響指向和捕獲跟蹤精度，分別呈三次和線性關(guān)系，像差對于誤碼率的影響和理論誤碼率大小有關(guān)，理論誤碼率越低，通信終端對光學(xué)系統(tǒng)要求越高；通過對IM/DD(Intensity Modulation Direct Detection)和BPSK(Binary Phase ShiftKeying)調(diào)制解調(diào)方式的分析，指出了基于BPSK相干通信對光學(xué)系統(tǒng)波像差要求要高于IM/DD非相干激光通信的依據(jù)；通過對不同光束相干外差效率的研究，指出獲取較高外差效率時，根據(jù)探測器確定相干光束參數(shù)的依據(jù)。 根據(jù)GEO(Geosynchronous orbit)和地面通信終端的使用要求和特點，提出了基于BPSK調(diào)制GEO通信終端的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)要求。在該指標(biāo)下，比較了采用透射、離軸反射、卡式和改進卡式結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計終端天線時對體積、加工、裝調(diào)的要求。結(jié)果表明改進的卡式結(jié)構(gòu)具有體積小、加工難度低、裝配公差松的優(yōu)點，非常適合于通信終端的應(yīng)用。采用改進的卡式結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計了基于BPSK調(diào)制的GEO終端光學(xué)系統(tǒng)，分析了該光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的性能。 通過對國外激光通信終端實驗室測試設(shè)備的功能分析，結(jié)合通信終端光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的特點，提出了測試通信終端所用的實驗室檢測平臺光學(xué)系統(tǒng)原理和設(shè)計要求，根據(jù)光學(xué)要求設(shè)計了該測試平臺，，平臺采用全反射結(jié)構(gòu)，利用分束器反射和透射相結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)消除光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的偏振分離，使得平臺不僅能測試不同激光波長的終端、又能對不同調(diào)制下的終端進行性能評估；平臺調(diào)試結(jié)果表明，平臺不能滿足指標(biāo)波像差要求，通過分析平臺波像差的特點，提出了采用掩模相位板補償系統(tǒng)波面的方法，并對補償效果和可行性進行了分析和實驗驗證，結(jié)果表明該方法穩(wěn)定可行；根據(jù)研制的測試平臺，對應(yīng)的設(shè)計了能夠模擬空間可變距離光束傳輸?shù)膶嶒炇蚁到y(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)采用全反射級聯(lián)、物像同時移動實現(xiàn)，結(jié)構(gòu)明確、體積小。精度分析表明在現(xiàn)有工藝下，系統(tǒng)能夠保證1%的能量測試精度，滿足測試系統(tǒng)要求。
[Abstract]:Laser communication has many outstanding advantages, such as large information capacity, high optical gain, high anti-jamming and anti-interception ability. In laser communication, there are many branches of optical system, and the requirement of wave aberration is very high. Therefore, the reasonable optical system structure is studied and the relationship between aberration and communication performance parameters is established. Can effectively guide the design, processing and installation; communication terminal communication distance is very long, it is difficult to carry out effective tests on the ground, Therefore, it is an effective way to evaluate the overall performance of the terminal by developing the laboratory platform and space communication link simulation equipment for terminal detection. Without considering the influence of atmosphere and electronics, the monochromatic aberration and far-field laser energy distribution, the monochromatic aberration and tracking accuracy of the receiving system are established according to the characteristics and detection methods of the different branches of the communication terminal. The influence of monochromatic aberration on pointing, tracking accuracy and bit error rate is analyzed by using the established relationship. The accuracy of orientation and acquisition and tracking will be seriously affected by wisdom and tilt, showing a cubic and linear relationship, respectively. The effect of aberration on bit error rate is related to the size of theoretical error rate. The lower the theoretical error rate is, the higher the requirement of optical system is for communication terminals. By analyzing the modulation and demodulation methods of IM/DD (Intensity Modulation Direct Detection) and BPSK (Binary Phase ShiftKeying), it is pointed out that the requirement of optical system aberration based on BPSK coherent communication is higher than that of IM/DD incoherent laser communication, and the coherent heterodyne efficiency of different beams is studied. It is pointed out that the parameters of coherent beam can be determined according to the detector in order to obtain higher heterodyne efficiency. According to the requirements and characteristics of GEO (Geosynchronous orbit) and terrestrial communication terminals, the optical system requirements of GEO communication terminals based on BPSK modulation are proposed. Under this index, the requirements of volume, processing and adjustment for terminal antenna design with transmission, off-axis reflection, card type and improved card structure are compared. The results show that the improved card structure has the advantages of small volume, low processing difficulty and loose assembly tolerance, so it is very suitable for the application of communication terminals. The optical system of GEO terminal based on BPSK modulation is designed with an improved card structure. The performance of the optical system is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the function of laboratory test equipment for laser communication terminal abroad and the characteristics of optical system of communication terminal, the principle and design requirements of optical system of laboratory test platform for testing communication terminal are put forward. According to the optical requirements, the test platform is designed. The platform adopts the total reflection structure. The beam splitter is combined with the transmission structure to eliminate the polarization separation of the optical system, so that the platform can not only test the terminals of different laser wavelengths. The platform debugging results show that the platform can not meet the requirements of index wavefront aberration. By analyzing the characteristics of platform wavefront aberration, a method of compensating system wavefront with mask phase plate is put forward. The results show that this method is stable and feasible. According to the developed test platform, a laboratory system is designed to simulate the propagation of spatial variable distance beam. The system adopts the total reflection cascade, the object image moves at the same time, the structure is clear, the volume is small. The precision analysis shows that the system can guarantee 1% accuracy of energy measurement and meet the requirements of the test system under the existing technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.1
本文編號：2240535
[Abstract]:Laser communication has many outstanding advantages, such as large information capacity, high optical gain, high anti-jamming and anti-interception ability. In laser communication, there are many branches of optical system, and the requirement of wave aberration is very high. Therefore, the reasonable optical system structure is studied and the relationship between aberration and communication performance parameters is established. Can effectively guide the design, processing and installation; communication terminal communication distance is very long, it is difficult to carry out effective tests on the ground, Therefore, it is an effective way to evaluate the overall performance of the terminal by developing the laboratory platform and space communication link simulation equipment for terminal detection. Without considering the influence of atmosphere and electronics, the monochromatic aberration and far-field laser energy distribution, the monochromatic aberration and tracking accuracy of the receiving system are established according to the characteristics and detection methods of the different branches of the communication terminal. The influence of monochromatic aberration on pointing, tracking accuracy and bit error rate is analyzed by using the established relationship. The accuracy of orientation and acquisition and tracking will be seriously affected by wisdom and tilt, showing a cubic and linear relationship, respectively. The effect of aberration on bit error rate is related to the size of theoretical error rate. The lower the theoretical error rate is, the higher the requirement of optical system is for communication terminals. By analyzing the modulation and demodulation methods of IM/DD (Intensity Modulation Direct Detection) and BPSK (Binary Phase ShiftKeying), it is pointed out that the requirement of optical system aberration based on BPSK coherent communication is higher than that of IM/DD incoherent laser communication, and the coherent heterodyne efficiency of different beams is studied. It is pointed out that the parameters of coherent beam can be determined according to the detector in order to obtain higher heterodyne efficiency. According to the requirements and characteristics of GEO (Geosynchronous orbit) and terrestrial communication terminals, the optical system requirements of GEO communication terminals based on BPSK modulation are proposed. Under this index, the requirements of volume, processing and adjustment for terminal antenna design with transmission, off-axis reflection, card type and improved card structure are compared. The results show that the improved card structure has the advantages of small volume, low processing difficulty and loose assembly tolerance, so it is very suitable for the application of communication terminals. The optical system of GEO terminal based on BPSK modulation is designed with an improved card structure. The performance of the optical system is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the function of laboratory test equipment for laser communication terminal abroad and the characteristics of optical system of communication terminal, the principle and design requirements of optical system of laboratory test platform for testing communication terminal are put forward. According to the optical requirements, the test platform is designed. The platform adopts the total reflection structure. The beam splitter is combined with the transmission structure to eliminate the polarization separation of the optical system, so that the platform can not only test the terminals of different laser wavelengths. The platform debugging results show that the platform can not meet the requirements of index wavefront aberration. By analyzing the characteristics of platform wavefront aberration, a method of compensating system wavefront with mask phase plate is put forward. The results show that this method is stable and feasible. According to the developed test platform, a laboratory system is designed to simulate the propagation of spatial variable distance beam. The system adopts the total reflection cascade, the object image moves at the same time, the structure is clear, the volume is small. The precision analysis shows that the system can guarantee 1% accuracy of energy measurement and meet the requirements of the test system under the existing technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.1
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