【摘要】：隨著無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅猛發(fā)展和無(wú)線業(yè)務(wù)的爆炸式增長(zhǎng),傳統(tǒng)靜態(tài)頻譜分配管理策略所引發(fā)的頻譜資源緊缺問題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,極大地制約了未來(lái)新型無(wú)線應(yīng)用的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展。為了改變目前頻譜資源使用極度不均衡的局面,允許非授權(quán)用戶(又稱次用戶)在不干擾授權(quán)用戶(又稱主用戶)的前提下臨時(shí)使用授權(quán)頻段,已逐漸成為各國(guó)頻譜管理機(jī)構(gòu)的共識(shí)。認(rèn)知無(wú)線電正是將這種共識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的技術(shù),被工業(yè)界和學(xué)術(shù)界廣泛認(rèn)為是提高頻譜資源利用率最有前景的技術(shù),使得以該技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的無(wú)線認(rèn)知網(wǎng)絡(luò)(CRN)成為當(dāng)前熱門研究領(lǐng)域。由于無(wú)線認(rèn)知網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信道可用性受主用戶(PU)活動(dòng)影響而動(dòng)態(tài)變化,如何建立公共控制信道成為實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)線認(rèn)知網(wǎng)絡(luò)組網(wǎng)和實(shí)際部署急待解決的首要難題。近年來(lái),隨著盲信道交匯概念的提出,催生出了一大批基于信道跳轉(zhuǎn)序列(CHS)的盲信道交匯策略研究工作,雖然消除了傳統(tǒng)公共控制信道建立方式的不足,但同時(shí)也為組網(wǎng)協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)以及性能分析和優(yōu)化引入了新的問題。本文面向CHS盲信道交匯方式,研究與媒體接入控制(MAC)層相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵問題。介紹盲信道交匯的概念和具體實(shí)現(xiàn)策略,并剖析現(xiàn)有CHS盲信道交匯策略的設(shè)計(jì)原理以及所關(guān)注問題和性能。分析和歸納這種新型公共控制信道建立方式在MAC層帶來(lái)的協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)以及性能分析和優(yōu)化問題,主要工作如下。(1)針對(duì)面向CHS盲信道交匯設(shè)計(jì)MAC協(xié)議的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了非協(xié)作式CH-CSMA/CA MAC協(xié)議和協(xié)作式Co CH-CSMA/CA MAC協(xié)議兩種CSMA/CA MAC協(xié)議。CH-CSMA/CA MAC通過擴(kuò)展回退計(jì)數(shù)器的凍結(jié)機(jī)制,將分時(shí)槽工作方式引入到IEEE 802.11分布式協(xié)調(diào)功能(DCF)中。針對(duì)交匯失同步導(dǎo)致的假?zèng)_突問題,提出了一種增強(qiáng)型虛擬載波偵聽機(jī)制,相比傳統(tǒng)虛擬載波偵聽機(jī)制,通過減少對(duì)預(yù)留信道資源的浪費(fèi),不僅降低了報(bào)文投遞延遲而且將網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐提高了至少69.6%。針對(duì)CH-CSMA/CA MAC無(wú)法識(shí)別假?zèng)_突的問題,Co CH-CSMA/CA MAC設(shè)計(jì)了基于信號(hào)相關(guān)檢測(cè)的協(xié)作式控制反饋機(jī)制,幫助發(fā)送者識(shí)別假?zèng)_突,解決了錯(cuò)誤回退行為延長(zhǎng)回退倒數(shù)過程的問題。通過擴(kuò)展經(jīng)典Bianchi模型分析這兩種MAC協(xié)議的行為并驗(yàn)證分析的正確性,揭示了回退倒數(shù)過程和真沖突之間的平衡問題是導(dǎo)致CH-CSMA/CA MAC和Co CH-CSMA/CA MAC分別適用于次用戶(SU)稠密和稀疏網(wǎng)絡(luò)場(chǎng)景的根本原因。探討了Co CH-CSMA/CA MAC中假?zèng)_突檢測(cè)精度和偽噪聲序列(PNS)長(zhǎng)度對(duì)MAC協(xié)議性能的影響,指出通過增加PNS長(zhǎng)度提高假?zèng)_突檢測(cè)精度并不能提高M(jìn)AC協(xié)議的性能。(2)現(xiàn)有CHS盲信道交匯策略側(cè)重解決CRN多信道MAC中的接入?yún)f(xié)商問題而忽略了接入控制問題,導(dǎo)致其關(guān)注的信道交匯時(shí)延不能真實(shí)反映鏈路建立時(shí)延性能。針對(duì)該問題,分析了在網(wǎng)絡(luò)處于飽和傳輸狀態(tài)時(shí)SU使用本地CHS建立鏈路的時(shí)延,即信道接入時(shí)延。首次綜合考慮了CHS盲信道交匯策略、PU活動(dòng)和多用戶競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)信道接入時(shí)延的影響,使用經(jīng)擴(kuò)展的經(jīng)典Bianchi模型和吸收態(tài)馬爾科夫模型進(jìn)行聯(lián)合建模分析,通過仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了分析的正確性。為衡量多用戶競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的影響,提出了抓住傳輸機(jī)會(huì)概率的性能指標(biāo),并討論通過報(bào)文聚合改變報(bào)文長(zhǎng)度對(duì)抓住傳輸機(jī)會(huì)概率以及MAC協(xié)議性能的影響。仿真結(jié)果表明,報(bào)文聚合因提高信道接入時(shí)延而無(wú)法確保能提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量。(3)在使用CHS盲信道交匯的CRN中,報(bào)文成功傳輸需要同時(shí)滿足發(fā)送者成功定位接收者信道和沒有遭遇沖突兩個(gè)條件,而現(xiàn)有傳輸協(xié)調(diào)策略只考慮了在鏈路建立過程中定位接收者信道的性能。針對(duì)該問題,提出了一種基于狀態(tài)分配的傳輸協(xié)調(diào)(STC)策略,同時(shí)考慮了定位接收者信道和多用戶競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)鏈路連通性的影響。相比現(xiàn)有傳輸協(xié)調(diào)策略,STC策略雖然在定位接收者信道的性能上有損失,但通過緩解多用戶競(jìng)爭(zhēng)提高了SU發(fā)送者抓住傳輸機(jī)會(huì)的概率,能進(jìn)一步提高M(jìn)AC協(xié)議性能。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,STC策略能在犧牲定位接收者信道的性能和提高抓住傳輸機(jī)會(huì)概率的性能之間尋找最佳平衡點(diǎn),具有靈活適應(yīng)不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)場(chǎng)景,優(yōu)化MAC協(xié)議性能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(4)在數(shù)據(jù)傳輸鏈路遭惡意攻擊阻斷后,現(xiàn)有CHS盲信道交匯策略因CRN信道數(shù)規(guī)模大和PU活動(dòng)影響,重建鏈路的效率低下。針對(duì)該問題,提出了一種基于鄰居協(xié)作的快速鏈路重建(NC-FLR)策略,通過挖掘CHS多樣性為鄰居幫助SU發(fā)送者快速尋找目標(biāo)接收者提供的協(xié)作機(jī)會(huì),有效提高了現(xiàn)有CHS盲信道交匯策略重建鏈路的速度。通過鄰居協(xié)作重建鏈路能夠達(dá)到“多radio虛擬化”的效果,即SU發(fā)送者借用鄰居radio實(shí)現(xiàn)使用多個(gè)radio來(lái)搜尋目標(biāo)接收者。在僅有一個(gè)鄰居參與協(xié)作的情況下,能將最優(yōu)CHS盲信道交匯策略的鏈路重建延遲降低近30%。綜上,本文面向CHS盲信道交匯方式,系統(tǒng)研究了與媒體接入控制密切相關(guān)的協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)以及性能分析和優(yōu)化問題,為上層協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì)和研究奠定了基礎(chǔ),對(duì)推動(dòng)認(rèn)知無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)組網(wǎng)和實(shí)際部署具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和理論指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless networks and the explosive growth of wireless services, the shortage of spectrum resources caused by the traditional static spectrum allocation management strategy becomes more and more serious, which greatly restricts the emergence and development of new wireless applications in the future. The temporary use of authorized bands by users (also called secondary users) without interfering with authorized users (also known as primary users) has gradually become the consensus of spectrum management agencies in various countries. As the channel availability of wireless cognitive networks is dynamically affected by the activities of the primary users (PU), how to establish a common control channel has become the most important problem to be solved in wireless cognitive network networking and actual deployment. The concept of channel intersection brings about a large number of research work on blind channel intersection strategy based on channel hopping sequence (CHS). Although it eliminates the shortcomings of traditional public control channel establishment methods, it also introduces new problems for network protocol design and performance analysis and optimization. The key issues related to MAC layer are studied. The concept and implementation strategy of blind channel intersection are introduced. The design principle of existing CHS blind channel intersection strategy, the problems concerned and its performance are analyzed. The protocol design, performance analysis and performance analysis brought about by this new common control channel establishment method in MAC layer are analyzed and summarized. The main work is as follows. (1) To solve the problem of designing MAC protocol for blind channel intersection in CHS, two kinds of CSMA/CA MAC protocols, non-cooperative CH-CSMA/CA MAC protocol and cooperative Co-CH-CSMA/CA MAC protocol, are designed. CH-CSMA/CA MAC introduces slot mode to IEEE 802.11 distribution by extending the freezing mechanism of backoff counter. In DCF, an enhanced virtual carrier interception mechanism is proposed to solve the problem of false collision caused by intersection out-of-synchronization. Compared with traditional virtual carrier interception mechanism, it not only reduces packet delivery delay but also improves network throughput by at least 69.6% by reducing the waste of reserved channel resources. Co CH-CSMA/CA MAC designs a cooperative control feedback mechanism based on signal correlation detection to help senders identify false conflicts and solve the problem of prolonging the backward countdown process of error backoff behavior. The fundamental reason why CH-CSMA/CA MAC and Co CH-CSMA/CA MAC are suitable for dense and sparse SU network scenarios is pointed out. The influence of false conflict detection accuracy and pseudo noise sequence (PNS) length on the performance of MAC protocol in Co-CSMA/CA MAC is discussed. (2) The existing CHS blind channel intersection strategy focuses on the access negotiation problem in CRN multi-channel MAC and ignores the access control problem, which results in the channel intersection delay which can not reflect the link establishment delay performance. In saturated transmission state, SU uses local CHS to establish link delay, i.e. channel access delay. For the first time, the influence of blind channel intersection strategy, PU activity and multi-user competition on channel access delay is considered synthetically. The extended classical Bianchi model and the absorbed Markov model are used to model and analyze the link delay. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective. The correctness of the analysis is verified. To measure the effect of multi-user competition, the performance index of seizing transmission opportunity probability is proposed, and the effect of changing packet length by packet aggregation on seizing transmission opportunity probability and the performance of MAC protocol is discussed. Throughput. (3) In CRN using CHS blind channel intersection, the successful transmission of a message needs to satisfy two conditions: the sender locates the receiver channel successfully and does not encounter collision. However, the existing transmission coordination strategy only considers the performance of locating the receiver channel in the process of link establishment. The transmission coordination (STC) strategy considers the effect of location receiver channel and multi-user competition on link connectivity. Compared with the existing transmission coordination strategy, STC strategy has a loss in the performance of location receiver channel, but by alleviating multi-user competition improves the probability of SU senders seizing transmission opportunities and further improves MA. Simulation results show that the STC strategy can find the best balance between the performance of locating the receiver channel and the performance of improving the probability of seizing the transmission opportunity. It has the advantages of flexible adaptation to different network scenarios and optimizing the performance of MAC protocol. (4) After the malicious attack blocked the data transmission link, the existing CHS blind channel intersection strategy. To solve this problem, a fast link reconstruction (NC-FLR) strategy based on neighbor cooperation is proposed. By mining the diversity of CHS, neighbors can help SU senders to find the cooperative opportunities provided by the target receiver quickly, which effectively improves the existing blind channel intersection scheme for CHS. Link reconstruction speed is slightly reduced. Link reconstruction delay of the optimal CHS blind channel intersection strategy can be reduced by nearly 30% when only one neighbor participates in the cooperation. In this paper, we systematically study the protocol design, performance analysis and optimization problems closely related to media access control, which lays a foundation for the design and research of upper layer protocols, and has certain application value and theoretical significance for promoting the cognitive wireless network networking and actual deployment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN925

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