【摘要】：隨著智慧城市的建設(shè)，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)不斷地被應(yīng)用到社會的方方面面，如智慧社區(qū)、智慧公交、智慧安防等，科技正逐漸融入人們的日常生活，為居民帶來了便利與舒適，，關(guān)愛殘疾人、老年人更是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。隨著我國人口的老齡化，包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的行動不便人群數(shù)量日益增多，如何更好地關(guān)愛照顧他們便成為了一個亟待解決的問題，在智慧城市這樣一個大背景下，為研究者們提供了前所未有的廣闊思路。 輪椅作為行動不便人群的代步工具，在其生活中扮演著重要角色，甚至可以說已經(jīng)是其身體的一部分。本文針對在使用輪椅的行動不便人群照顧中所暴露出來的典型異常狀態(tài)監(jiān)測問題，圍繞輪椅設(shè)計了一套的實時智能感知與傳輸系統(tǒng)，將遠(yuǎn)程健康監(jiān)護(hù)巧妙地與輪椅相結(jié)合，使其成為一個移動的監(jiān)護(hù)平臺。 本論文從物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的三層網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)入手，對感知層和傳輸層展開了研究和開發(fā)。在感知層方面利用模塊化的思想，設(shè)計了坐姿、輪椅翻倒、心率三個感知模塊，進(jìn)行了硬件電路的設(shè)計、傳感器的選型以及功能實現(xiàn)。長期處于不正常的坐姿不僅對殘疾人、老年人等行動不便人群的身體健康有一定的負(fù)面影響，也常常會導(dǎo)致他們從輪椅上跌落，文中利用壓力傳感器來感知人坐著時候的壓力分布，進(jìn)而推測出上半身的傾斜方向以及傾斜程度，實現(xiàn)了七種坐姿的識別，對跌倒的發(fā)生起到了預(yù)防與報警的作用。在輪椅翻倒感知模塊設(shè)計時為了提高判斷的準(zhǔn)確性與及時性，提出了基于閾值判斷的加速度信號矢量幅度SMV和傾斜角雙效翻倒檢測算法，并通過大量實驗確定了閾值。通過對紅外脈搏傳感器信號進(jìn)行模擬與數(shù)字兩級濾波處理后，采用基于極值的方法實現(xiàn)了脈搏周期的有效計算進(jìn)而推測出心率。在傳輸層方面，首先通過對比幾種常見的短距離無線通信方式，選擇了基于藍(lán)牙4.0協(xié)議的傳輸模塊，為了實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的匯聚以及上傳，設(shè)計了以Arduino DUE為主板的中心節(jié)點，同時在中心節(jié)點上也實現(xiàn)了對GPS模塊數(shù)據(jù)的解析來及時更新輪椅的位置信息，通過Android系統(tǒng)下藍(lán)牙通信程序的開發(fā)以及調(diào)用云平臺的Webservice，成功將感知數(shù)據(jù)上傳至健康關(guān)愛服務(wù)平臺。該系統(tǒng)為智慧城市建設(shè)中物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的工程應(yīng)用起到了示范作用，提高了應(yīng)對殘疾人、老年人等行動不便人群醫(yī)療和突發(fā)事件的急救水平，改善了該人群的生活質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:With the construction of intelligent city, Internet of things technology has been applied to all aspects of society, such as intelligent community, intelligent public transportation, intelligent security and so on. Science and technology is gradually integrating into people's daily life, bringing convenience and comfort to residents. Care for the disabled, the elderly is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. With the aging of the population in our country, the number of people with mobility disabilities, including the disabled, is increasing day by day. How to better care for them has become a problem to be solved urgently. In such a big context of the City of Wisdom, For researchers to provide unprecedented broad ideas. Wheelchair, as a mobility tool, plays an important role in its life, and even is a part of its body. In this paper, aiming at the typical abnormal state monitoring problem exposed in the care of people with mobility disability in wheelchairs, a set of real time intelligent sensing and transmission system is designed around the wheelchair, which combines remote health monitoring with wheelchairs skillfully. Make it a mobile monitoring platform. Based on the three-layer network architecture of Internet of things application, this paper researches and develops the perceptual layer and transport layer. In the sensing layer, three sensing modules are designed, including sitting posture, wheelchair overturning and heart rate. The hardware circuit is designed, the sensor is selected and the function is realized. Sitting in an abnormal posture for a long time not only has a certain negative impact on the health of the disabled, the elderly and other people with mobility disabilities, but also often leads them to fall off their wheelchairs. In this paper, pressure sensor is used to perceive the pressure distribution while sitting, and then the tilt direction and degree of the upper body are inferred, which realizes the recognition of seven sitting positions and plays a preventive and alarming role in the occurrence of falls. In order to improve the accuracy and timeliness of judgment in the design of wheelchair flip sensing module, an acceleration signal vector amplitude detection algorithm based on threshold judgment (SMV) and a double-effect tipping detection algorithm with tilt angle are proposed, and the threshold is determined by a large number of experiments. After the signal of infrared pulse sensor is processed by two stages of analog and digital filtering, the pulse cycle can be calculated effectively and the heart rate can be inferred by using the method of extreme value. In the transport layer, firstly, by comparing several common short-range wireless communication modes, the transmission module based on Bluetooth 4.0 protocol is selected. In order to achieve data aggregation and upload, a central node based on Arduino DUE is designed. At the same time, the data analysis of GPS module is implemented on the central node to update the wheelchair location information in time. Through the development of Bluetooth communication program under Android system and the Webservice, calling cloud platform, the perceptual data is uploaded to the health care service platform successfully. The system has played an exemplary role in the engineering application of the Internet of things technology in the construction of intelligent city, improved the level of medical treatment and emergency treatment for the disabled and the elderly, and improved the quality of life of this group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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