雷達信號處理動目標檢測的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-24 08:20
【摘要】：作為雷達系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,雷達信號處理器決定著雷達信號的處理方式和檢測結(jié)果,其性能的提升極大地推動著雷達系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。隨著數(shù)字信號處理技術(shù)(DSP)和超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)(VLSI)的高速發(fā)展,雷達信號的產(chǎn)生和處理朝著數(shù)字化的方向迅速發(fā)展,促使雷達信號處理向著系統(tǒng)化、小型化、高速化的方向發(fā)展。動目標檢測技術(shù)(MTD)是雷達信號處理中一項重要的技術(shù)手段,通過對相干處理間隔內(nèi)的多組回波脈沖作相參處理,使回波信號的信噪比得到改善,從而使得雷達在復雜背景中發(fā)現(xiàn)目標的能力得到提高。MTD技術(shù)有兩種常用的實現(xiàn)方式,分別基于FFT和FIR濾波器組實現(xiàn)�？紤]兩種實現(xiàn)方式的優(yōu)缺點,提出結(jié)合FFT和FIR兩種處理方式的動目標檢測實現(xiàn)方法可以在有限的硬件消耗的基礎(chǔ)上滿足動目標檢測的技術(shù)要求,這也是本文奮斗的目標。本文基于DSP的基本理論,首先研究了快速傅里葉算法(FFT)的意義以及按時域抽取基2FFT的基本原理,接著分析了原位計算和固定結(jié)構(gòu)兩種運算流圖以及固定結(jié)構(gòu)運算流圖的三種實現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),最后確定了采用乒乓操作方式完成8~4096點可變點FFT的RTL設(shè)計。本文設(shè)計的可變點FFT采用雙碟形運算單元結(jié)構(gòu),兩級蝶形運算連續(xù)處理,數(shù)據(jù)隔級進行緩存且數(shù)據(jù)存儲本身也是乒乓存儲,極大地減少了硬件消耗。本文基于雷達信號處理的基本理論,首先研究了動目標檢測的基本理論,包括多普勒頻率、快時間維和慢時間維采樣、脈沖多普勒處理等,接著本文結(jié)合FFT和FIR兩種處理方式完成可配置MTD電路的RTL設(shè)計。本文提出一種可配置存儲復用的MTD電路,減小了檢測能力與成本之間的矛盾和檢測方式的單一性,提高了雷達信號處理器的抗干擾能力和應(yīng)用范圍。通過MATLAB軟件建立相應(yīng)的算法模型,對比MATLAB的處理結(jié)果與硬件電路的處理結(jié)果,從而完成可變點FFT以及MTD電路兩種工作模式的功能驗證。驗證結(jié)果表明,可變點FFT的功能正確,相對誤差小于10-4;基于FFT和FIR的動目標檢測功能正確,其徑向速度的測量誤差均小于0.6 m/s。性能分析顯示可變點FFT的最大工作頻率為182.993 MHz;整體電路的最大工作頻率為204.300 MHz。最后,在SMIC 0.13 um工藝條件下完成了可變點FFT的邏輯綜合,其最大工作頻率為250 MHz。
[Abstract]:As an important part of radar system, radar signal processor determines the processing mode and detection result of radar signal, and the improvement of its performance greatly promotes the development of radar system. With the rapid development of digital signal processing technology (DSP) and VLSI technology (VLSI), the generation and processing of radar signal is developing rapidly in the direction of digitization, which promotes the development of radar signal processing towards systematization and miniaturization. The direction of high-speed development. Moving target detection (MTD) is an important technique in radar signal processing. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of echo signal is improved by coherent processing of multiple echo pulses in coherent processing interval. Therefore, the ability of radar to detect targets in complex background can be improved. There are two commonly used methods for radar detection, one is based on FFT and the other is based on FIR filter bank. Considering the merits and demerits of the two methods, this paper proposes a method of moving target detection based on FFT and FIR, which can satisfy the technical requirements of moving target detection on the basis of limited hardware consumption. This is also the goal of this paper. Based on the basic theory of DSP, this paper first studies the meaning of fast Fourier algorithm (FFT) and the basic principle of extracting base 2FFT in time-domain. Then, three kinds of realization structures of in situ computation and fixed structure operation flow graph are analyzed. Finally, the RTL design of 84096 point variable point FFT is determined by using ping-pong operation mode. The variable point FFT designed in this paper adopts double disk operation unit structure, two stage butterfly operation continuous processing, data buffer and data storage itself is ping-pong storage, which greatly reduces the hardware consumption. Based on the basic theory of radar signal processing, this paper first studies the basic theory of moving target detection, including Doppler frequency, fast time and slow time dimension sampling, pulse Doppler processing, etc. Then the RTL design of configurable MTD circuit is completed by combining FFT and FIR. In this paper, a configurable memory multiplexed MTD circuit is proposed, which reduces the contradiction between detection ability and cost and the singularity of detection mode, and improves the anti-jamming ability and application range of radar signal processor. The corresponding algorithm model is established by MATLAB software, and the processing results of MATLAB and hardware circuits are compared, so that the function verification of FFT and MTD circuits can be completed. The results show that the function of variable point FFT is correct, the relative error is less than 10 ~ (-4), the detection function of moving target based on FFT and FIR is correct, and the measurement error of radial velocity is less than 0.6 m / s. Performance analysis shows that the maximum operating frequency of the variable point FFT is 182.993 MHz;. The maximum operating frequency of the whole circuit is 204.300 MHz.. Finally, the logic synthesis of variable point FFT is completed under the condition of SMIC 0.13 um process, and its maximum working frequency is 250 MHz..
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.51
[Abstract]:As an important part of radar system, radar signal processor determines the processing mode and detection result of radar signal, and the improvement of its performance greatly promotes the development of radar system. With the rapid development of digital signal processing technology (DSP) and VLSI technology (VLSI), the generation and processing of radar signal is developing rapidly in the direction of digitization, which promotes the development of radar signal processing towards systematization and miniaturization. The direction of high-speed development. Moving target detection (MTD) is an important technique in radar signal processing. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of echo signal is improved by coherent processing of multiple echo pulses in coherent processing interval. Therefore, the ability of radar to detect targets in complex background can be improved. There are two commonly used methods for radar detection, one is based on FFT and the other is based on FIR filter bank. Considering the merits and demerits of the two methods, this paper proposes a method of moving target detection based on FFT and FIR, which can satisfy the technical requirements of moving target detection on the basis of limited hardware consumption. This is also the goal of this paper. Based on the basic theory of DSP, this paper first studies the meaning of fast Fourier algorithm (FFT) and the basic principle of extracting base 2FFT in time-domain. Then, three kinds of realization structures of in situ computation and fixed structure operation flow graph are analyzed. Finally, the RTL design of 84096 point variable point FFT is determined by using ping-pong operation mode. The variable point FFT designed in this paper adopts double disk operation unit structure, two stage butterfly operation continuous processing, data buffer and data storage itself is ping-pong storage, which greatly reduces the hardware consumption. Based on the basic theory of radar signal processing, this paper first studies the basic theory of moving target detection, including Doppler frequency, fast time and slow time dimension sampling, pulse Doppler processing, etc. Then the RTL design of configurable MTD circuit is completed by combining FFT and FIR. In this paper, a configurable memory multiplexed MTD circuit is proposed, which reduces the contradiction between detection ability and cost and the singularity of detection mode, and improves the anti-jamming ability and application range of radar signal processor. The corresponding algorithm model is established by MATLAB software, and the processing results of MATLAB and hardware circuits are compared, so that the function verification of FFT and MTD circuits can be completed. The results show that the function of variable point FFT is correct, the relative error is less than 10 ~ (-4), the detection function of moving target based on FFT and FIR is correct, and the measurement error of radial velocity is less than 0.6 m / s. Performance analysis shows that the maximum operating frequency of the variable point FFT is 182.993 MHz;. The maximum operating frequency of the whole circuit is 204.300 MHz.. Finally, the logic synthesis of variable point FFT is completed under the condition of SMIC 0.13 um process, and its maximum working frequency is 250 MHz..
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.51
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1 劉偉,李海,曾濤;面向?qū)ο笸ㄓ美走_信號處理程序框架的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)[J];北京理工大學學報;2004年08期
2 何賓,汪曉男;一種雷達信號處理系統(tǒng)新體系結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計[J];現(xiàn)代雷達;2004年10期
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