【摘要】：單光子探測(cè)是實(shí)現(xiàn)量子光通信的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。本文主要針對(duì)單光子探測(cè)的核心器件雪崩光電二極管APD和光電倍增管PMT,在制冷、光子計(jì)數(shù)、以及光子干涉方面進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)論如下： 首先,對(duì)InGaAs/InP雪崩光電二極管的紅外單光子探測(cè)系統(tǒng)的制冷裝置進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),該制冷系統(tǒng)通過(guò)四級(jí)半導(dǎo)體制冷片降低溫度,結(jié)合真空裝置減少熱交換,可以將APD工作溫度降低到-44.5攝氏度。利用該裝置獲得了InGaAs-　APD模塊(型號(hào)：APD050A)的低溫伏安特性,結(jié)果表明,在-40攝氏度時(shí)該APD的雪崩電壓為28.5伏左右。 其次,詳細(xì)測(cè)量了光電倍增管(PMT,型號(hào)：CR105)的陰極和陽(yáng)極伏安特性、以及渡越時(shí)間等重要參數(shù),實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得所用PMT的渡越時(shí)間為76.6ns左右。進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用光子計(jì)數(shù)方法獲得了PMT的脈沖高度分布圖(PHD),比較全面地揭示出噪聲和光信號(hào)的幅度關(guān)系,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)高精密的單光子探測(cè)具有重要的參考價(jià)值。進(jìn)而,分析PHD圖示結(jié)果,選取甄別電平,并通過(guò)大量計(jì)數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)后,獲得了5pW極弱光的光子泊松分布圖。 在以上工作基礎(chǔ)上,成功進(jìn)行基于脈沖干涉的光學(xué)相干性測(cè)量的實(shí)驗(yàn),應(yīng)用反饋穩(wěn)定型光纖馬赫-曾德干涉儀(MZI),結(jié)合壓電陶瓷相移器,利用光脈沖干涉的方法成功測(cè)量出激光的相干長(zhǎng)度。該方案不僅可以測(cè)量高相干性激光,而且可以測(cè)量低相干性脈沖,同時(shí)也為進(jìn)一步深入研究量子干涉打好了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Single photon detection is one of the key technologies for quantum optical communication. In this paper, the core devices of single photon detection, avalanche photodiode (APD) and photomultiplier tube (PMT), are studied in the aspects of refrigeration, photon counting and photon interference. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: firstly, the refrigeration device of infrared single photon detection system of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode is improved. Combined with vacuum device to reduce heat exchange, APD working temperature can be reduced to-44.5 degrees Celsius. The low temperature voltammetric characteristics of the InGaAs- APD module (type: APD050A) are obtained by using this device. The results show that the avalanche voltage of the APD is about 28.5 volts at -40 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2199155