【摘要】：車載自組網(wǎng)(Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET)是智能交通系統(tǒng)(Intelligent Transport Systems, ITS)的重要組成部分,整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)變化頻繁,每條通信鏈路的生存時間很短。在需要保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)QoS (Quality of Service)的環(huán)境下,為車輛節(jié)點配備多接口進行多信道通信技術(shù)應(yīng)運而生,成為研究的熱點。實現(xiàn)多接口VANET多信道通信的一個重要保障是高效可靠的MAC機制。信道分配問題與信道接入問題是不同MAC機制的主要差異所在。信道分配問題主要負責為不同的車輛節(jié)點分配相應(yīng)的通信信道,消除信道切換所造成的通信鏈路之間的沖突；接入控制問題則主要負責解決不同車輛節(jié)點在接入信道時的時機沖突,實現(xiàn)各車輛節(jié)點合理高效的信道接入。研究和完善多接口VANET的MAC層技術(shù)具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)意義和應(yīng)用價值。 本課題主要就是研究多接口VANET多信道通信的信道分配算法和信道接入機制。首先,針對美國聯(lián)邦通訊委員會(FCC)劃分的車載通信信道,分析常用信道分配算法運用在車載自組織網(wǎng)中的不足之處,利用車輛節(jié)點間的交互,考慮當前網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)參數(shù),以各信道性能因子為衡量標準,生成信道切換隊列,提出了一種綜合考慮通信雙方車輛節(jié)點信道切換隊列的動態(tài)信道分配算法(Channel SwitchingQueue-based Channel Allocation, CSQCA)。 其次,針對為車輛節(jié)點多接口通信分配的信道,分析多接口VANET信道接入所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及考慮所有車輛節(jié)點多射頻接口通信造成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)高負載特性,利用時分多址技術(shù)與競爭類信道接入技術(shù)的優(yōu)點,提出了一種基于車輛節(jié)點多接口狀態(tài)字的時分競爭信道接入技術(shù)(Time-division Competition Channel Access, TCCA)。 接著,在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,搭建NS-2網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能仿真平臺,對仿真模塊進行多接口和多信道的擴展。利用仿真平臺,對所提出的信道分配算法以及信道接入技術(shù)進行性能仿真與評測。仿真結(jié)果表明,CSQCA算法實現(xiàn)了多接口VANET環(huán)境下多信道通信的信道動態(tài)分配,合理的解決了信道分配不合理的情況,顯著的改善了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能；TCCA機制能夠很好的適應(yīng)車輛節(jié)點多接口并行通信所造成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)高負載環(huán)境,保證了所有車輛節(jié)點得到公平的信道接入機會,同時保持了對網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的高效利用。 最后,本文列出了一些有待解決和完善的問題,需要進一步去研究,從而引出了后續(xù)研究改進的方向。
[Abstract]:Vehicle Ad Hoc Network (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET) is an important part of Intelligent Transportation system (Intelligent Transport Systems, ITS). The topology of the whole network changes frequently and the lifetime of each communication link is very short. Under the need to ensure the network QoS (Quality of Service), the multi-channel communication technology for vehicle nodes with multiple interfaces has emerged as the times require, and has become a hot research topic. An important guarantee for multi-interface VANET multi-channel communication is the efficient and reliable MAC mechanism. Channel assignment problem and channel access problem are the main differences of different MAC mechanisms. The channel assignment problem is mainly responsible for allocating corresponding communication channels to different vehicle nodes to eliminate the conflicts between communication links caused by channel switching. The problem of access control is mainly responsible for solving the timing conflict of different vehicle nodes when accessing the channel, and realizing the reasonable and efficient channel access of each vehicle node. It is of great academic significance and application value to study and perfect the MAC layer technology of multi-interface VANET. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the channel assignment algorithm and channel access mechanism of multi-interface VANET multi-channel communication. Firstly, aiming at the vehicular communication channel partitioned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the common channel allocation algorithms used in the vehicular ad hoc network, and considers the current network state parameters by using the interaction between the vehicle nodes. A dynamic channel assignment algorithm (Channel SwitchingQueue-based Channel Allocation, CSQCA).), which considers the channel switching queue of vehicle nodes on both sides of the communication, is proposed based on each channel performance factor. The channel switching queue is generated according to the criterion of each channel performance factor. Secondly, in view of the channel allocation for multi-interface communication of vehicle nodes, the challenges of multi-interface VANET channel access are analyzed, and the characteristics of network high load caused by multi-RF interface communication of all vehicle nodes are considered. Based on the advantages of time-division multiple access (TDMA) and competing channel access technology, a time-division competitive channel access technology (Time-division Competition Channel Access, TCCA).) based on vehicle node multi-interface status word is proposed. Then, on the basis of the above research, the NS-2 network performance simulation platform is built, and the simulation module is extended with multi-interface and multi-channel. The proposed channel allocation algorithm and channel access technology are simulated and evaluated using the simulation platform. The simulation results show that the algorithm realizes the dynamic channel allocation of multi-channel communication under multi-interface VANET environment, reasonably solves the unreasonable channel allocation situation, and improves the performance of the network significantly. The TCCA mechanism can adapt to the network high load environment caused by the vehicle node multi-interface parallel communication, ensure all the vehicle nodes get fair channel access opportunities, and maintain the efficient use of network resources. Finally, this paper lists some problems to be solved and improved, which need to be further studied, thus leading to the direction of further research and improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5

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