【摘要】：通信衛(wèi)星作為空間技術(shù)最重要的應(yīng)用之一,如今可以對約200個國家、地區(qū)和海洋范圍進行覆蓋,通過各類大型或小型的終端設(shè)備為陸地、船舶和飛機提供通信服務(wù)。近年來通信衛(wèi)星已廣泛使用多波束天線技術(shù)以提高衛(wèi)星覆蓋區(qū)域內(nèi)的增益。多波束天線技術(shù)通過波束寬度較窄的點波束,可以大幅增加波束指向范圍內(nèi)的天線增益,提高通信衛(wèi)星的有效全向輻射功率和接收系統(tǒng)的品質(zhì)因數(shù)值;利用點波束指向不同的特點,可以對頻率進行復用,以提高系統(tǒng)的頻譜利用率和信道容量;同時,通過多端口放大器可以實現(xiàn)波束間功率的動態(tài)調(diào)配。在終端天線方面,具有多頻帶、小型化、低成本特性的印刷天線越來越受到人們的關(guān)注,已廣泛應(yīng)用于衛(wèi)星移動通信終端及無線通信終端的設(shè)計中。本論文主要對通信衛(wèi)星多波束天線區(qū)域覆蓋及多頻帶印刷天線進行了深入地研究。作者的主要工作及研究成果可概括為:1.對通信衛(wèi)星區(qū)域覆蓋多波束天線進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計。針對規(guī)定區(qū)域無縫覆蓋的需求,根據(jù)所給定的服務(wù)區(qū)參考點及覆蓋范圍,設(shè)計了蜂窩結(jié)構(gòu)的覆蓋方案。在優(yōu)化設(shè)計中,采用混合差分進化算法對根據(jù)工程實際建立的兩個優(yōu)化模型進行交互優(yōu)化求解,以降低系統(tǒng)級優(yōu)化的難度。優(yōu)化后的62個波束覆蓋方案可以有效地對規(guī)定區(qū)域進行無縫覆蓋,滿足41dB的波束覆蓋電平值以及同頻復用波束載干比值大于12dB的要求。2.排列組合差分進化算法。為了使標準差分進化算法能夠用于離散域組合問題的優(yōu)化求解,將差分移動序列與雙點交換作為差分進化算法中的變異策略,提出了一種排列組合差分進化算法。為了驗證所提出算法的有效性,采用該算法對小規(guī)模組合問題進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計。數(shù)值結(jié)果表明,該算法不但能夠求得較優(yōu)的結(jié)果,而且計算代價相對較小,收斂速度較快。3.對多波束衛(wèi)星天線系統(tǒng)連接關(guān)系進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,以滿足工程上對多波束衛(wèi)星天線系統(tǒng)功率調(diào)配能力的要求。首先,簡單闡述了多端口放大器的原理以及多波束衛(wèi)星天線系統(tǒng)連接關(guān)系的基本概念,并對設(shè)計多波束衛(wèi)星天線系統(tǒng)連接關(guān)系在功率調(diào)配作用中的重要性進行了簡要說明。其次,采用排列組合差分進化算法對不同規(guī)模的多波束衛(wèi)星天線系統(tǒng)連接關(guān)系進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,滿足了衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)對多波束衛(wèi)星天線系統(tǒng)功率調(diào)配能力的要求。4.對多頻帶平面印刷天線進行了研究。提出了三種實現(xiàn)天線多頻帶與小型化的方法,包括:(1)枝節(jié)彎折法。通過對直線多枝節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)進行彎折或者變形的處理,在天線原型的基礎(chǔ)上,減小多頻帶天線的物理尺寸。(2)U形縫隙扼流結(jié)構(gòu)法。在對縫隙結(jié)構(gòu)進行研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種U形縫隙加載對扼流結(jié)構(gòu)。該扼流結(jié)構(gòu)可以對天線的輻射體進行加載,用于產(chǎn)生多頻帶特性,并將其成功應(yīng)用于對數(shù)周期天線的多頻帶設(shè)計中。(3)非對稱結(jié)構(gòu)小型化法。通過對天線中共面波導饋電方式進行非對稱結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,在已有的多頻帶天線模型基礎(chǔ)上,減小天線的物理尺寸,同時保證多頻帶性能。所設(shè)計的天線滿足多頻帶工作要求,計算和測試結(jié)果吻合良好,驗證了上述三種方法的有效性和正確性。實測結(jié)果還表明所設(shè)計的天線性能良好,能夠很好地滿足無線通信中多種場合的需求,如PCS、LTE、WLAN和WiMAX公共無線熱點等。
[Abstract]:Communications satellites, as one of the most important applications of space technology, can now cover about 200 countries, regions and oceans, and provide communications services for land, ships and aircraft through various large or small-scale terminal equipment. In recent years, communication satellites have widely used multi-beam antenna technology to increase the satellite coverage area. The multi-beam antenna technology can greatly increase the antenna gain in the beam-pointing range, improve the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the communication satellite and the quality factor value of the receiving system through the narrow beam-width point beam. The frequency can be multiplexed by using the characteristics of different point-beam-pointing, so as to improve the spectrum utilization and the system performance. In terms of terminal antenna, the printed antenna with multi-band, miniaturization and low cost attracts more and more attention and has been widely used in the design of satellite mobile communication terminal and wireless communication terminal. The main work and research results of the author can be summarized as follows: 1. The optimal design of the satellite area-covered multi-beam antenna is carried out. According to the requirement of seamless coverage in the specified area, the bee is designed according to the reference point and coverage range of the given service area. In the optimization design, the hybrid differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the two optimization models established according to the actual engineering to reduce the difficulty of system-level optimization. In order to make the standard differential evolution algorithm applicable to discrete-domain combinatorial problems, the differential moving sequence and two-point exchange are used as mutation strategies in the differential evolution algorithm, and a permutation-combination differential evolution algorithm is proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can not only obtain better results, but also has a relatively small computational cost and a faster convergence speed. 3. The connection relationship of multi-beam satellite antenna system is optimized to meet the engineering requirements. Firstly, the principle of multi-port amplifier and the basic concept of the connection relation of multi-beam satellite antenna system are briefly described, and the importance of designing the connection relation of multi-beam satellite antenna system in power allocation is briefly explained. Differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used to optimize the connection relationship of multi-beam satellite antenna systems of different sizes to meet the power allocation requirements of satellite systems for multi-beam satellite antenna systems.4. The multi-band planar printed antenna is studied. Bending method. By bending or deforming the linear multi-branch structure, the physical size of the multi-band antenna can be reduced on the basis of the antenna prototype. (2) U-shaped slot choke structure method. Based on the study of slot structure, a U-shaped slot loading choke structure is proposed. The choke structure can radiate the antenna. Volume loading is used to generate multi-band characteristics and is successfully applied to the multi-band design of logarithmic periodic antennas. (3) Asymmetric structure miniaturization method. The designed antenna satisfies the requirements of multi-band operation. The results of calculation and test agree well with each other, which verifies the validity and correctness of the above three methods.
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN828.5

【共引文獻】

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本文編號：2188253