可重構(gòu)激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺(tái)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-15 19:27
【摘要】：激光雷達(dá)以具有極佳方向性、單色性及相干性的高強(qiáng)度激光為探測(cè)信號(hào),不僅能夠獲得更高的探測(cè)精度和范圍,更重要的是能夠探測(cè)無(wú)線電雷達(dá)無(wú)法探測(cè)到的微小粒子,以及各種分子、原子,并對(duì)探測(cè)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行識(shí)別和分類。這些特性使激光雷達(dá)在大氣環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、海洋科學(xué)以及生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用,因而激光雷達(dá)是一個(gè)龐大的類型繁多的綜合體系,這也影響了數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的多樣性和復(fù)雜性。 當(dāng)前激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)并非由單一器件能夠完成,而是多種設(shè)備或采集卡的組合,例如高端數(shù)字示波器,多通道掃描儀(MCS), NI集成化設(shè)備,以及Licel公司的TR產(chǎn)品等,這些數(shù)據(jù)采集產(chǎn)品的引入大大提高了采集精度,使用也更為簡(jiǎn)便。但是鑒于激光雷達(dá)的新技術(shù)不斷出現(xiàn)、需求不斷提升,也使許多研究單位為各自的項(xiàng)目專門設(shè)計(jì)匹配性強(qiáng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集卡。一方面激光雷達(dá)的快速發(fā)展和市場(chǎng)化,要求模塊化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、集成化的產(chǎn)品使研發(fā)成本降低；另一方面,為了保證科學(xué)研究的先進(jìn)性,獲得市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),期望出現(xiàn)開放式而非定制的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)允許使用者再開發(fā)。這已成為了亟待解決的問(wèn)題,因此本論文提出建立可重構(gòu)激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺(tái)(RLDAP)。RLDAP不僅進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大在激光雷達(dá)中的使用范圍,而且增強(qiáng)了可移植性和兼容性,為系統(tǒng)升級(jí)更新預(yù)留資源,最大限度的服務(wù)于未來(lái)新型激光雷達(dá)的研制工作,減少重復(fù)的資金投入和人力投入,從而發(fā)揮出更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。 為此,本論文在歸納了激光雷達(dá)發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)之上,深入調(diào)研了激光雷達(dá)整機(jī)尤其是光學(xué)接收、光電探測(cè)部分的原理,總結(jié)了激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的規(guī)律性和特異性,從而開展了可重構(gòu)激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)工作,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了其實(shí)用性。 本論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要有： (1)首次將可重構(gòu)儀器的概念引入激光雷達(dá)探測(cè)領(lǐng)域,并對(duì)源于計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的可重構(gòu)概念實(shí)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)展和延伸。可重構(gòu)的意義不再局限于軟件或是硬件,而是多部件重構(gòu)、軟硬件重構(gòu)的融合,包括硬件資源的重組,FPGA的邏輯在線重配置,多處理方式并存的通信協(xié)議,軟件的組合、動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)用等。 (2)在國(guó)內(nèi)率先自主研發(fā)分層探測(cè)模式的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),使信號(hào)的線性探測(cè)動(dòng)態(tài)范圍達(dá)到5-6個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。盡管國(guó)內(nèi)已有應(yīng)用于極弱光探測(cè)的單光子計(jì)數(shù)儀器和用于強(qiáng)光探測(cè)的AD轉(zhuǎn)換采集卡,但均不具備大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍、高信噪比的探測(cè)能力。而RLDAP的研制克服了雙模式數(shù)據(jù)拼合區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)探測(cè)的難點(diǎn),打破了長(zhǎng)期依賴國(guó)外單一產(chǎn)品的限制。 (3) RLDAP在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中被證明可以覆蓋近地面和中高空領(lǐng)域的探測(cè),且適用于傳統(tǒng)方式和新型微脈沖等多類型的激光雷達(dá)。RLDAP已被成功用于Rayleigh多普勒測(cè)風(fēng)激光雷達(dá)和大氣能見度儀的探測(cè)中,特別是對(duì)于20-60km臨近空間風(fēng)場(chǎng)的探測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn),RLDAP同步實(shí)現(xiàn)了光子計(jì)數(shù)的高速高增益放大和A/D轉(zhuǎn)換帶寬內(nèi)模擬信號(hào)的嚴(yán)格線性放大,提高了模擬探測(cè)對(duì)弱信號(hào)的分辨能力,成功解決了低層強(qiáng)信號(hào)非線性堆積和高層微弱信號(hào)的低信噪比問(wèn)題,這是探測(cè)技術(shù)中的難點(diǎn)。該項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)是在國(guó)內(nèi)首次實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)平流層至中間層底部的風(fēng)場(chǎng)測(cè)量。
[Abstract]:Lidar uses high-intensity laser with excellent directivity, monochromaticity and coherence as detection signal, which can not only obtain higher detection accuracy and range, but also detect tiny particles, as well as various molecules and atoms that can not be detected by radio radar, and identify and classify detection targets. Lidar has been widely used in atmospheric environment monitoring, marine science and biomedical fields. Therefore, lidar is a huge and various integrated system, which also affects the diversity and complexity of data acquisition system.
At present, the data acquisition system of lidar is not completed by a single device, but a combination of various devices or acquisition cards, such as high-end digital oscilloscope, multi-channel scanner (MCS), NI integrated equipment, and Licel TR products, etc. The introduction of these data acquisition products greatly improves the acquisition accuracy and is more convenient to use. In view of the continuous emergence of new technologies and increasing demand for lidar, many research institutes specially design matching data acquisition cards for their own projects. It has become an urgent problem to solve. Therefore, this paper proposes to establish a reconfigurable lidar data acquisition platform (RLDAP). RLDAP not only further expands the scope of application in lidar, but also extends the scope of application in lidar. It also enhances the portability and compatibility, reserves resources for system upgrade and upgrade, maximizes the service for the future research and development of new lidar, reduces the duplicate capital investment and manpower investment, thus playing a greater economic and social benefits.
Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the development history and current situation of lidar, this paper investigates the principle of the whole lidar, especially the optical receiving and photoelectric detecting part, summarizes the regularity and specificity of the lidar data acquisition system, and develops the design work of the reconfigurable lidar data acquisition platform. The practicality is proved by laboratory measurement and field contrast experiments.
The innovations of this paper are as follows:
(1) Introducing the concept of reconfigurable instruments into the field of lidar detection for the first time, and expanding and extending the concept of reconfigurable instruments from the field of computer. The meaning of reconfiguration is no longer confined to software or hardware, but is a combination of multi-component reconfiguration, software and hardware reconfiguration, including hardware resource reconfiguration, logic on-line reconfiguration of FPGA, and multi-processing. Communication protocols, software combinations, dynamic invocation and so on.
(2) The data acquisition system of layered detection mode has been developed independently in China, and the linear detection dynamic range of the signal has reached 5-6 orders of magnitude, reaching the international advanced level. The development of RLDAP overcomes the difficulty of data detection in dual-mode data fusion area and breaks the restriction of long-term dependence on foreign single product.
(3) RLDAP has been proved to be able to cover near-ground and high-altitude detection in field experiments, and can be used in many types of lidars, such as traditional and new micro-pulse lidars. RLDAP has been successfully used in Rayleigh Doppler wind lidar and atmospheric visibility instruments, especially in the detection of wind fields in the near space of 20-60 km. Experiments show that RLDAP synchronously achieves high-speed and high-gain photon counting amplification and strict linear amplification of analog signals in A/D conversion bandwidth, improves the resolution of weak signals in analog detection, and successfully solves the problems of nonlinear accumulation of low-level strong signals and low signal-to-noise ratio of high-level weak signals, which are the difficulties in detection technology. It is the first time to measure the wind field in the stratosphere to the bottom of the middle layer in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN958.98
[Abstract]:Lidar uses high-intensity laser with excellent directivity, monochromaticity and coherence as detection signal, which can not only obtain higher detection accuracy and range, but also detect tiny particles, as well as various molecules and atoms that can not be detected by radio radar, and identify and classify detection targets. Lidar has been widely used in atmospheric environment monitoring, marine science and biomedical fields. Therefore, lidar is a huge and various integrated system, which also affects the diversity and complexity of data acquisition system.
At present, the data acquisition system of lidar is not completed by a single device, but a combination of various devices or acquisition cards, such as high-end digital oscilloscope, multi-channel scanner (MCS), NI integrated equipment, and Licel TR products, etc. The introduction of these data acquisition products greatly improves the acquisition accuracy and is more convenient to use. In view of the continuous emergence of new technologies and increasing demand for lidar, many research institutes specially design matching data acquisition cards for their own projects. It has become an urgent problem to solve. Therefore, this paper proposes to establish a reconfigurable lidar data acquisition platform (RLDAP). RLDAP not only further expands the scope of application in lidar, but also extends the scope of application in lidar. It also enhances the portability and compatibility, reserves resources for system upgrade and upgrade, maximizes the service for the future research and development of new lidar, reduces the duplicate capital investment and manpower investment, thus playing a greater economic and social benefits.
Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the development history and current situation of lidar, this paper investigates the principle of the whole lidar, especially the optical receiving and photoelectric detecting part, summarizes the regularity and specificity of the lidar data acquisition system, and develops the design work of the reconfigurable lidar data acquisition platform. The practicality is proved by laboratory measurement and field contrast experiments.
The innovations of this paper are as follows:
(1) Introducing the concept of reconfigurable instruments into the field of lidar detection for the first time, and expanding and extending the concept of reconfigurable instruments from the field of computer. The meaning of reconfiguration is no longer confined to software or hardware, but is a combination of multi-component reconfiguration, software and hardware reconfiguration, including hardware resource reconfiguration, logic on-line reconfiguration of FPGA, and multi-processing. Communication protocols, software combinations, dynamic invocation and so on.
(2) The data acquisition system of layered detection mode has been developed independently in China, and the linear detection dynamic range of the signal has reached 5-6 orders of magnitude, reaching the international advanced level. The development of RLDAP overcomes the difficulty of data detection in dual-mode data fusion area and breaks the restriction of long-term dependence on foreign single product.
(3) RLDAP has been proved to be able to cover near-ground and high-altitude detection in field experiments, and can be used in many types of lidars, such as traditional and new micro-pulse lidars. RLDAP has been successfully used in Rayleigh Doppler wind lidar and atmospheric visibility instruments, especially in the detection of wind fields in the near space of 20-60 km. Experiments show that RLDAP synchronously achieves high-speed and high-gain photon counting amplification and strict linear amplification of analog signals in A/D conversion bandwidth, improves the resolution of weak signals in analog detection, and successfully solves the problems of nonlinear accumulation of low-level strong signals and low signal-to-noise ratio of high-level weak signals, which are the difficulties in detection technology. It is the first time to measure the wind field in the stratosphere to the bottom of the middle layer in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN958.98
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