【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個新興的領(lǐng)域,漸漸在工業(yè)方面、軍隊及學術(shù)方面受到較大的重視。這項技術(shù)包括了傳感器技術(shù)、無線通信、嵌入式及信號處理等多種技術(shù),利用這些技術(shù)可以完成環(huán)境信號的采集及實時監(jiān)測并對信號進行處理,再將處理的結(jié)果返回給用戶,具有十分廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。由于人們在生活環(huán)境中對其方便、安全及舒適等方面的需求越來越高,數(shù)字家園系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運而生。一般來說,這種系統(tǒng)由三層子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成:分別是社區(qū)智能化、小區(qū)智能化及家居智能化。而這套系統(tǒng)中最重要的功能是對運行信息的獲取與處理,比如說:社區(qū)的安全報警問題;發(fā)生災(zāi)害時的自動報警及對溫度、濕度、燈光等進行自動控制;家用電器的智能監(jiān)控等。所以說,類似于這些情況的處理,需要對居住環(huán)境中的各項設(shè)備運行情況進行信息獲取與處理是實現(xiàn)數(shù)字家園系統(tǒng)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。本文系統(tǒng)研究了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)采集相關(guān)方法和理論,深入探討了在數(shù)字家園系統(tǒng)建設(shè)過程中各種問題的解決方法,以IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee協(xié)議為基礎(chǔ),對協(xié)議棧的各個層進行了細致的探討,鑒于本文系統(tǒng)是多跳的Mesh網(wǎng)絡(luò),為此,主要研究了MAC層和網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的相關(guān)理論和方法。主要包括了以下工作:1,設(shè)計了一個保障數(shù)據(jù)采集可靠性和實時性的MAC協(xié)議,該協(xié)議基于TDMA思想,并且融合了CSMA/CA的設(shè)計理念,形成了一個綜合性的、適合數(shù)字家園系統(tǒng)的可配置的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸協(xié)議,同時分析了MAC層的安全機制。2,設(shè)計了一個基于查找樹的路由協(xié)議,闡述了該協(xié)議的設(shè)計原理,確定了下一跳節(jié)點的選擇策略,能夠結(jié)合MAC協(xié)議來保障數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目烧{(diào)度性、實時性和可靠性。3,基于上述算法,設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)采集的客戶端監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)從數(shù)據(jù)采集、路由查詢、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和客戶端數(shù)據(jù)處理整個過程描述了系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集流程,實現(xiàn)了社區(qū)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的實時采集和監(jiān)測。4,搭建了系統(tǒng)的測試平臺,對數(shù)據(jù)采集的整體過程進行了測試與分析,最終的結(jié)果表明:本文設(shè)計的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸和路由查詢算法符合數(shù)字家園系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)采集、傳輸處理的需求,滿足實際應(yīng)用需要,達到了預(yù)期開發(fā)目標。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new field, which has attracted more and more attention in industry, military and academic field. This technology includes sensor technology, wireless communication, embedded technology and signal processing technology, which can be used to complete environmental signal acquisition, real-time monitoring and signal processing, and then return the results to the user. It has a very broad application prospect. Due to the increasing demand for convenience, security and comfort in the living environment, the digital home system emerges as the times require. Generally speaking, the system consists of three-layer subsystems: community intelligence, community intelligence and home intelligence. The most important function of this system is to obtain and deal with the operation information, such as the safety alarm of the community, the automatic alarm of disaster and the automatic control of temperature, humidity, lighting, etc. Intelligent monitoring of household appliances, etc. Therefore, similar to the processing of these situations, it is an important link to realize the digital home system to obtain and process the information about the operation of various equipments in the living environment. In this paper, the relevant methods and theories of wireless sensor network data acquisition are systematically studied, and the solutions of various problems in the process of building digital home system are discussed, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee protocol. In this paper, each layer of protocol stack is discussed in detail. In view of the multi-hop Mesh network, this paper mainly studies the theory and method of MAC layer and network layer. Including the following work: 1, this paper designs a MAC protocol to ensure the reliability and real-time of data acquisition. The protocol is based on the idea of TDMA, and integrates the design idea of CSMA/CA, forming a comprehensive, A configurable data transmission protocol suitable for digital home system is proposed. At the same time, the security mechanism of MAC layer. 2 is analyzed. A routing protocol based on lookup tree is designed. The design principle of this protocol is described, and the selection strategy of next hop node is determined. It can combine MAC protocol to ensure the schedulability, real-time and reliability of data transmission. Based on the above algorithm, the client monitoring system of data acquisition is designed and implemented. The whole process of data transmission and client data processing describes the data acquisition flow of the system, realizes the real-time collection and monitoring of community related data .4. the system test platform is built, and the whole process of data acquisition is tested and analyzed. The final results show that the data transmission and routing query algorithms designed in this paper meet the requirements of data acquisition, transmission and processing in digital home system, meet the practical application needs, and achieve the expected development goal.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5;TP274.2

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