【摘要】：近幾年，伴隨著光纖通信技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，光纖傳感技術(shù)得以廣泛應(yīng)用，尤其在氣體傳感領(lǐng)域，例如礦井下瓦斯氣體濃度的檢測，大氣環(huán)境的實時監(jiān)測以及石油工業(yè)中泄露氣體的檢測等。光纖氣體傳感器相比于傳統(tǒng)氣體檢測方法有著明顯的優(yōu)勢，它不僅具有更高的探測靈敏度，在危險環(huán)境中本質(zhì)安全；而且利用光通信技術(shù)可實現(xiàn)多氣體遠(yuǎn)距離一體化傳感。本論介紹了一種多氣體一體化光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳感系統(tǒng)。 本論文分析了近紅外波段的氣體光吸收原理，，探討了可用于光纖氣體傳感探測的氣體種類。介紹了差分檢測原理，并基于此原理提出了多吸收峰差分檢測技術(shù)以提高系統(tǒng)的信噪比，基于空分復(fù)用技術(shù)和波分復(fù)用技術(shù)提出了多氣體一體化光纖傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)方案。 設(shè)計并制作了用于差分吸收檢測的F-P梳狀濾波器。設(shè)計了結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的光學(xué)傳感單元，并搭建了光學(xué)準(zhǔn)直封裝平臺。由于系統(tǒng)要長期工作在各種復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中，設(shè)計并制作了具有防塵防水透氣功能的實用型傳感頭。自主設(shè)計并制作了具有多點多氣體同步檢測功能的密閉性實驗氣室。 最后基于實驗條件搭建了以甲烷為目標(biāo)探測氣體的多點光纖氣體傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并創(chuàng)新性的引入校準(zhǔn)通道，提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和檢測精度。測試了傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)中用到的無源及有源光器件的性能以及整個系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，利用本系統(tǒng)完成了甲烷氣體單點和多點檢測實驗，檢測系統(tǒng)達(dá)到了271ppm的探測靈敏度，并具有良好的多通道長期穩(wěn)定性和一致性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of optical fiber communication technology, optical fiber sensing technology has been widely used, especially in the field of gas sensing, such as the detection of gas concentration under mine. Real-time monitoring of atmospheric environment and detection of leaking gas in petroleum industry. Compared with the traditional gas detection method, optical fiber gas sensor has obvious advantages. It not only has higher detection sensitivity and is intrinsically safe in dangerous environment, but also can realize multi-gas long-distance integrated sensing using optical communication technology. This paper introduces a multi-gas integrated optical fiber network sensor system. In this paper, the principle of gas optical absorption in near infrared band is analyzed, and the kinds of gas which can be used in optical fiber gas sensing are discussed. The principle of differential detection is introduced. Based on this principle, the multi-absorption peak differential detection technology is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Based on space-division multiplexing technology and wavelength division multiplexing technology, the realization scheme of multi-gas integrated optical fiber sensor network is proposed. A F-P comb filter for differential absorption detection is designed and fabricated. A simple optical sensing unit is designed, and an optical collimation packaging platform is built. Because the system should work in various complicated environments for a long time, a practical sensor head with dustproof, waterproof and breathable function is designed and manufactured. An airtight experimental chamber with multi-point and multi-gas synchronous detection function was designed and manufactured. Finally, based on the experimental conditions, a multi-point optical fiber gas sensing network with methane as the target is built, and the calibration channel is introduced to improve the stability and detection accuracy of the system. The performance of passive and active optical devices used in sensor networks and the stability of the whole system are tested. The single-point and multi-point methane gas detection experiments are carried out using the system. The detection system achieves the detection sensitivity of 271ppm. And has good multi-channel long-term stability and consistency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.11

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