【摘要】：傳感器、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、嵌入式系統(tǒng)、無(wú)線通信是已經(jīng)發(fā)展的比較成熟的技術(shù),無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)是在它們的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來(lái)的新型網(wǎng)絡(luò),該網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)地感知、采集和監(jiān)測(cè)用戶感興趣區(qū)域內(nèi)的信息,對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工處理后發(fā)送給終端用戶。應(yīng)用前景很大。WSN中傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)通常由電池供電,一旦電量耗盡節(jié)點(diǎn)就會(huì)死亡,將會(huì)改變網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),縮短網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命,嚴(yán)重影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)質(zhì)量。因而如何增大網(wǎng)絡(luò)的壽命是研究WSN的核心。針對(duì)WSN能量利用率低和通信質(zhì)量不高等問(wèn)題,本課題提出了一種高效低能耗的WSN路由協(xié)議。研究過(guò)程中的主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)考慮到由于各節(jié)點(diǎn)的初始能量、通信和計(jì)算能力通常不一樣,且節(jié)點(diǎn)扮演的角色不同,耗能不一樣,因此本課題在簇頭選舉階段綜合考慮節(jié)點(diǎn)的剩余能量、節(jié)點(diǎn)的密度、節(jié)點(diǎn)的傳包成功率等因素。(2)在簇內(nèi)通信方案上提出了混合路由通信方案。不管是單跳方案還是多跳方案都有不足之處,在單跳方案中,離匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)較遠(yuǎn)的簇首會(huì)消耗較多的能量,在多跳方案中,離匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)較近的節(jié)點(diǎn)會(huì)消耗較多的能量�；诖�,本課題充分利用了單跳和多跳各自的優(yōu)勢(shì),提出了一種混合路由通信方案。(3)簇間通信在鏈頭選取上本課題考慮了四個(gè)方面:鏈頭自身能量值、鏈數(shù)據(jù)傳輸代價(jià)、鏈頭傳包成功率以及鏈頭與基站的距離。(4)提出了丟包策略。由于WSN通常受到噪聲、衰減、反射等干擾;且網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信資源較少,節(jié)點(diǎn)密集的地方分組較多,必然導(dǎo)致資源的激烈爭(zhēng)奪,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致信道堵塞,降低了數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸速度,不能確保數(shù)據(jù)可靠及時(shí)的傳輸。因此,本課題提出當(dāng)檢測(cè)到擁塞發(fā)生時(shí),啟動(dòng)丟包策略:根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)包剩余價(jià)值的大小來(lái)決定丟包的先后順序,丟棄價(jià)值最小的分組,使有限帶寬得到充分的利用,最大限度地確保重要數(shù)據(jù)可靠及時(shí)的傳輸。最后,通過(guò)仿真表明:本課題提出的協(xié)議能有效均衡各節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗,提高數(shù)據(jù)包的傳輸成功率,從而達(dá)到提高通信質(zhì)量,增大網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命的目的。
[Abstract]:Sensor, computer network, embedded system and wireless communication are relatively mature technologies that have been developed. Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor) is a new type of network based on them, which can be sensed in real time. Collect and monitor the information in the user's area of interest, process the information and send it to the end user. The sensor nodes in WSN are usually powered by batteries. Once the nodes run out of electricity, they will die, which will change the network topology, shorten the network life, and seriously affect the quality of service (QoS) of the network. Therefore, how to increase the lifetime of the network is the core of the study of WSN. In order to solve the problems of low energy utilization and low communication quality of WSN, a WSN routing protocol with high efficiency and low energy consumption is proposed in this paper. The main contents of the research are as follows: (1) considering that due to the initial energy of each node, the communication and computing power are usually different, and the role of nodes is different, the energy consumption is different. Therefore, in the cluster head election stage, we consider the residual energy of the node, the density of the node, the success rate of transmission of the node and so on. (2) A hybrid routing communication scheme is proposed in the intra-cluster communication scheme. In the single-hop scheme and the multi-hop scheme, the cluster head far away from the convergent node will consume more energy, and in the multi-hop scheme, the node closer to the convergent node will consume more energy. Based on this, this paper makes full use of the advantages of single-hop and multi-hop, and proposes a hybrid routing communication scheme. (3) in the selection of chain-head, four aspects are considered: the energy of chain-head itself, the cost of chain-data transmission. The success rate of chain head transmission and the distance between the chain head and the base station. (4) A packet loss strategy is proposed. Because WSN is usually disturbed by noise, attenuation, reflection and so on, and the network communication resources are less, and there are more local packets in dense nodes, it will inevitably lead to fierce competition for resources, which will lead to channel blockage and reduce the transmission speed of data. There is no guarantee of reliable and timely transmission of data. Therefore, when the congestion is detected, this paper proposes to start the packet loss strategy: according to the size of the residual value of the packet to determine the order of packet loss, discard the least value of the packet, so that the limited bandwidth can be fully utilized. Ensure reliable and timely transmission of important data to the maximum extent possible. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed protocol can effectively balance the energy consumption of each node, improve the success rate of data packet transmission, and achieve the purpose of improving the communication quality and network lifetime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN915.04

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本文編號(hào)：2152328