【摘要】：影響復(fù)合探測激光雷達系統(tǒng)性能的因素主要有三個：激光器、探測器和光學(xué)系統(tǒng)，在激光器、探測器確定的情況下研究光學(xué)系統(tǒng)對提升系統(tǒng)性能具有重要意義。傳統(tǒng)的復(fù)合探測激光雷達光學(xué)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)一般選擇折反射式，這樣會存在中心遮擋，效率低下；傳統(tǒng)的分光鏡分光效率一般為70%—80%，具有較大的提升空間。本文將在此基礎(chǔ)上完成高效率復(fù)合探測激光雷達光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的性能研究，并進一步提出在探測器象元數(shù)少于陣列光束數(shù)目時的激光高效率接收方法。 本文對分光系統(tǒng)效率的提高進行了研究。首先分析復(fù)合探測分光系統(tǒng)的工作原理，其次，針對激光、紅外視場角小及系統(tǒng)透過率低下提出改進方法，使得激光視場角由原來的3.5°提高至7°，紅外波段的視場角由原來的6.9°提高至10.4°。分光系統(tǒng)激光的理論上的透過率由原來的85.3%提高至99%以上，系統(tǒng)的紅外波段理論上的透過率由原來的85.9%提高至99%以上。 本文還討論了高效率激光陣列接收系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。首先，完成激光陣列接收系統(tǒng)的分析。然后，對激光接收系統(tǒng)進行設(shè)計，主要包括光纖陣列的設(shè)計以及薄膜結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計。最后，分析接收系統(tǒng)中激光、微透鏡和光纖的耦合效率。當(dāng)縱向偏移、橫向偏移、角度偏移量在一定范圍內(nèi)，激光接收系統(tǒng)整體耦合效率理論在93%以上。 本文分析了復(fù)合探測光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的主體結(jié)構(gòu)，針對中心遮擋，提出折射式復(fù)合探測共口徑結(jié)構(gòu)，并分別針對紅外光學(xué)系統(tǒng)、激光光學(xué)系統(tǒng)完成高效率設(shè)計。復(fù)合探測光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的9.7μm紅外波段透過率由原來的61.1%提高到66.3%，系統(tǒng)1.064μm的激光的透過率由原來的62.9%提高到72.7%，，且折射式系統(tǒng)不會對中心優(yōu)質(zhì)光束進行遮擋。經(jīng)模擬，激光光學(xué)系統(tǒng)、紅外光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的彌散斑直徑分別為17μm、22μm，均小于陣列探測器的面元尺寸，有助于消除串?dāng)_，提高整體效率。
[Abstract]:There are three main factors that affect the performance of compound detection lidar system: laser, detector and optical system. It is very important to study the optical system in the case of laser and detector to improve the performance of the system. The traditional optical system of compound detection lidar generally chooses the refractive type, which will have center occlusion and low efficiency, and the traditional spectroscope is generally 70-80, which has a large lifting space. On this basis, the performance of high efficiency composite detection lidar optical system will be studied, and a high efficiency laser receiving method when the number of detector pixels is less than the number of array beams is proposed. In this paper, the improvement of the efficiency of the spectroscopic system is studied. Firstly, the working principle of the compound detecting and splitting system is analyzed. Secondly, an improved method is proposed to improve the laser, infrared field of view angle and the low transmittance of the system. The laser field angle is increased from 3.5 擄to 7 擄, and that of infrared band is increased from 6.9 擄to 10.4 擄. The theoretical transmittance of the system is increased from 85.3% to more than 99%, and the theoretical transmittance of the infrared band of the system is increased from 85.9% to more than 99%. The design of high efficiency laser array receiving system is also discussed in this paper. Firstly, the laser array receiving system is analyzed. Then, the laser receiving system is designed, including fiber array design and thin film structure design. Finally, the coupling efficiency of laser, microlens and fiber is analyzed. The overall coupling efficiency of the laser receiving system is over 93% when the longitudinal, lateral and angle offsets are in a certain range. In this paper, the main structure of the compound detection optical system is analyzed. For the center occlusion, the refraction compound detection common aperture structure is proposed, and the high efficiency design of the laser optical system is completed respectively for the infrared optical system and the laser optical system. The transmittance of the complex detection optical system in the infrared band of 9.7 渭 m is increased from 61.1% to 66.3%, the transmittance of the laser at 1.064 渭 m is increased from 62.9% to 72.7%, and the refraction system does not block the central high quality beam. By simulation, the diffusing spot diameters of laser optical system and infrared optical system are respectively 17 渭 m or 22 渭 m, which are smaller than that of array detector, which is helpful to eliminate crosstalk and improve overall efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN958.98

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