【摘要】：InSAR技術(shù)是將傳統(tǒng)的合成孔徑雷達(dá)技術(shù)與干涉測量技術(shù)結(jié)合起來,由雙天線模式或單天線重復(fù)軌道模式對同一地區(qū)雷達(dá)成像生成的兩幅SAR復(fù)圖像,利用這兩幅復(fù)圖像的干涉相位信息提取地表的三維信息和高程變化信息。InSAR作為一項極具研究價值的空間對地測量技術(shù),不管是在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域,還是軍事領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,其戰(zhàn)略地位和作用引起了世界各國的高度關(guān)注。本文研究的是SAR圖像后續(xù)高精度干涉處理的問題,主要是InSAR數(shù)據(jù)處理的三大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)：圖像配準(zhǔn),干涉相位濾波和相位解纏。通過完善相應(yīng)干涉處理算法,并編寫干涉處理軟件,以方便對InSAR數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行直接處理,進(jìn)一步推廣InSAR技術(shù)的應(yīng)用水平。主要有以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容：1.圖像配準(zhǔn)主要是解決空問失相關(guān)造成的失配問題。傳統(tǒng)的圖像配準(zhǔn)算法很難同時滿足配準(zhǔn)精度和速度的要求,本文研究一種基于相關(guān)函數(shù)的分塊多級圖像配準(zhǔn)方法,在保持相關(guān)函數(shù)法穩(wěn)健性的基礎(chǔ)了,對相關(guān)系數(shù)進(jìn)行快速計算,大大提高了配準(zhǔn)的速度。2.干涉相位濾波是對配準(zhǔn)后獲取的干涉相位進(jìn)行相位濾波,去除噪聲的影響。目前的相位濾波算法在追求濾波質(zhì)量時一般會犧牲掉圖像的空間分辨率或濾波速度,本文研究了一種快速干涉相位濾波方法和Sigma自適應(yīng)濾波方法。前者大大提高了相位濾波的速度；后者很好地濾除了噪聲并保持圖像的細(xì)節(jié)特征。3.相位解纏是對濾波后的相位進(jìn)行處理,恢復(fù)被模糊掉的相位周期,獲取無纏繞干涉相位。針對傳統(tǒng)的相位解纏算法不能兼顧解纏精度和速度的問題,本文研究一種基于密集殘差點劃分的快速相位解纏算法和基于最大堆的質(zhì)量指導(dǎo)快速相位解纏算法。通過實際InSAR數(shù)據(jù)驗證,這兩種算法在相位解纏精度和速度上都得到大大的提升。4.本論文編寫了InSAR系統(tǒng)干涉處理軟件,實現(xiàn)了SAR圖像配準(zhǔn)、干涉相位濾波、干涉相位解纏三個干涉處理環(huán)節(jié),最終生成了高精度無纏繞干涉相位。經(jīng)過實際InSAR數(shù)據(jù)驗證,本軟件具有良好的穩(wěn)定性,處理速度非�？�,且處理精度高。
[Abstract]:InSAR technology is a combination of traditional synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology and interferometric measurement technology, and two SAR complex images are generated by double antenna mode or single antenna repeat orbit mode for radar imaging in the same area. The interferometric phase information of these two complex images is used to extract 3D information and elevation change information. InSAR is regarded as a valuable spatial geodesy technique, whether in the field of national economic development. Or military field has been widely used, its strategic position and role has attracted the attention of countries all over the world. In this paper, the problem of high precision interferometry in SAR image is studied, mainly three key techniques of InSAR data processing: image registration, interferometric phase filtering and phase unwrapping. By perfecting the corresponding interference processing algorithm and compiling the interference processing software, it is convenient to process the InSAR data directly and further popularize the application level of InSAR technology. There are mainly the following aspects: 1. Image registration is mainly to solve the problem of mismatch caused by spatial correlation. The traditional image registration algorithm is very difficult to meet the requirements of registration accuracy and speed. In this paper, a block multi-level image registration method based on correlation function is studied, which maintains the robustness of the correlation function method. The correlation coefficient is calculated quickly, and the speed of registration is greatly improved. Interferometric phase filtering (IFF) is a kind of phase filtering to remove the effect of noise. The current phase filtering algorithms usually sacrifice the spatial resolution or the filtering speed of the image in pursuit of filtering quality. In this paper, a fast interferometric phase filtering method and a Sigma adaptive filtering method are studied. The former greatly improves the speed of phase filtering, while the latter filters noise well and preserves the detailed features of the image. Phase unwrapping is to process the filtered phase, recover the blurred phase period, and obtain the non-entangled interference phase. Aiming at the problem that the traditional phase unwrapping algorithm can not take into account the unwrapping accuracy and speed, a fast phase unwrapping algorithm based on dense residual handicap partition and a mass-guided fast phase unwrapping algorithm based on maximum heap are studied in this paper. Through the actual InSAR data validation, the two algorithms are greatly improved in the accuracy and speed of phase unwrapping. In this paper, the interference processing software of InSAR system is written, which realizes three steps of SAR image registration, interferometric phase filtering and interference phase unwrapping. Finally, the high-precision non-winding interferometric phase is generated. The software has good stability, fast processing speed and high processing precision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.52
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本文編號：2139472