【摘要】：超寬帶天線作為無線通信系統(tǒng)的最前端，已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于電磁測量、電磁兼容測試、超寬帶雷達等領(lǐng)域中。喇叭天線因其具有頻寬帶、方向性好、以及具有高增益和高功率負載的能力而得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文所涉及的喇叭天線其幾何形狀簡單，容易加工，且有較好的方向性。相對窄頻帶天線來說，超寬帶天線不僅頻帶寬，而且性能穩(wěn)定，它有低功耗、超大的信息容量、超強抗干擾能力和超強穿透力等優(yōu)點。 雙極化天線近些年來也得到非常廣泛的應(yīng)用。在通信領(lǐng)域中可同時實現(xiàn)收發(fā)雙工模式，進而可以減少定向基站工作天線的數(shù)量；在某些測試領(lǐng)域中可減少對不同極化方向天線的切換次數(shù)，，以確保工作效率的有效提高。為了適應(yīng)未來無線通信的發(fā)展，在追求天線寬頻帶的特性的同時，還應(yīng)兼顧到天線的小型化，方向圖以及增益的穩(wěn)定性等諸多問題。 首先，本文以Vivaldi天線結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)，從天線的基本理論著手分析，分別給出了它們的特性阻抗，截止頻率，輻射特性等參數(shù)，并完成了單極化天線的設(shè)計。然后在此天線的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了工作在3.1~10.6GHz頻帶范圍內(nèi)的雙極化天線，并通過側(cè)翼柵格、尾翼柵格等結(jié)構(gòu)的加載，有效的改善天線的輻射特性。 其次，從圓形脊波導(dǎo)理論開始，對加脊波導(dǎo)的主模截止波長、脊波導(dǎo)阻抗等參數(shù)進行分析和推導(dǎo)，設(shè)計了一具有開放邊界的雙極化喇叭天線。通過對天線進行矩形金屬結(jié)構(gòu)加載、漏斗形金屬結(jié)構(gòu)加載以及減小饋電探針到脊片末端距離等的設(shè)計，在2~18GHz的頻帶范圍內(nèi)實現(xiàn)了良好的輻射特性。 第三，本文運用三維全波電磁仿真CST軟件。根據(jù)軟件仿真數(shù)據(jù)對設(shè)計的兩個雙極化喇叭天線進行制作實物，并進行了測試。經(jīng)過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)測試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果可以很好的吻合。
[Abstract]:As the front end of wireless communication system, UWB antenna has been widely used in electromagnetic measurement, electromagnetic compatibility testing, UWB radar and other fields. Horn antenna has been widely used because of its wide band, good directivity, high gain and high power load. The horn antenna in this paper has simple geometry, easy processing and good directivity. Compared with narrow band antenna, UWB antenna not only has frequency bandwidth, but also has stable performance. It has the advantages of low power consumption, large information capacity, super anti-interference ability and super penetration. Dual polarization antennas have been widely used in recent years. In the field of communication, we can simultaneously realize transceiver duplex mode, which can reduce the number of directional base station working antennas. In some test fields, we can reduce the number of switching antennas in different polarization directions, so as to ensure the effective improvement of work efficiency. In order to adapt to the development of wireless communication in the future, many problems such as antenna miniaturization, pattern and gain stability should be taken into account while pursuing the broadband characteristics of antenna. Firstly, based on the structure of Vivaldi antenna, the characteristic impedance, cutoff frequency and radiation characteristic of Vivaldi antenna are given, and the design of single polarization antenna is completed. On the basis of this antenna, a dual-polarization antenna working in the frequency band of 3.1g 10.6GHz is designed, and the radiation characteristics of the antenna are improved effectively by loading the structure of the flanking grid and the tail grid. Secondly, starting from the theory of circular ridged waveguide, the main mode cut-off wavelength and the impedance of ridged waveguide are analyzed and deduced, and a dual-polarized horn antenna with open boundary is designed. By loading the antenna with rectangular metal structure, loading the funnel metal structure and reducing the distance from the feed probe to the end of the ridge, good radiation characteristics are realized in the frequency band of 2G ~ 18GHz. Thirdly, three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation CST software is used in this paper. According to the simulation data, two dual polarization horn antennas are fabricated and tested. The experimental results show that the test results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN822.8

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