【摘要】：無線體域網(wǎng)是一種以人體為中心的低功耗無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),它在很多領(lǐng)域都有應(yīng)用,比如軍事、醫(yī)療、運動和娛樂等。因為對無線體域網(wǎng)節(jié)點隱蔽性和便攜性的要求,節(jié)點有限的電池容量使得能量問題成為無線體域網(wǎng)一直面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn)。近年來,一種新興的為無線體域網(wǎng)節(jié)點供電技術(shù)——能量采集,成為無線體域網(wǎng)能量問題的有效解決方案。傳統(tǒng)的由電池供電的節(jié)點會因為電池耗盡而進入永久的睡眠狀態(tài),而基于能量采集的節(jié)點則只會短暫進入睡眠狀態(tài),能量充足后又會進入工作狀態(tài)。因此基于能量采集的無線體域網(wǎng)的核心問題是如何利用采集到的能量提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率。 本文研究了基于能量采集技術(shù)的無線體域網(wǎng)中媒體訪問控制層(Medium Access Control,MAC)協(xié)議問題,分別提出了分布式MAC協(xié)議策略和集中式MAC協(xié)議策略,目標(biāo)是提高基于能量采集技術(shù)的無線體域網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率,其中分別考慮的因素是時隙分配策略的決策速度和最優(yōu)化程度。 1.在分布式MAC協(xié)議策略中,我們從子節(jié)點的角度考察WBAN數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程,以子節(jié)點為主對信道接入方式進行分布式的決策。我們結(jié)合子節(jié)點的緩存區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)包數(shù)量和可用能量數(shù),構(gòu)造了無限MDP決策模型,通過使收益函數(shù)代表子節(jié)點的數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸量并對子節(jié)點非競爭性時隙的使用進行控制,我們求解出MDP模型最優(yōu)策略。以MDP最優(yōu)策略為根據(jù),子節(jié)點可以實現(xiàn)根據(jù)自身數(shù)據(jù)包數(shù)量和可用能量數(shù)進行進行動態(tài)的信道接入。仿真表明我們這種分布式的動態(tài)MAC協(xié)議策略獲得了比傳統(tǒng)的時隙CSMA/CA更高的數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸量,減少了節(jié)點緩存區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)包溢出。 2.在集中式MAC協(xié)議策略中,我們將整個WBAN中所有子節(jié)點的數(shù)據(jù)包狀態(tài)和能量狀態(tài)結(jié)合成聯(lián)合的系統(tǒng)狀態(tài),以此構(gòu)建無限MDP決策模型,決策結(jié)果即為每一個子節(jié)點的信道接入方式。通過根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸量設(shè)計收益函數(shù),我們使用近似求解算法求解出最優(yōu)時隙分配策略,以獲得最大化的WBAN網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸量。仿真結(jié)果表明,集中式的MAC協(xié)議策略獲得了比分布式MAC協(xié)議策略和時隙CSMA/CA更高的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸量和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率。 分布式MAC協(xié)議中子節(jié)點根據(jù)自身狀態(tài)對信道接入方式進行決策,因為數(shù)據(jù)包和能量狀態(tài)空間小,子節(jié)點可以快速地根據(jù)實時狀態(tài)獲得最佳信道接入方式。但是因為缺少其他WBAN節(jié)點的狀態(tài)和行為信息,節(jié)點得到的只是局部最優(yōu)的策略結(jié)果。而集中式MAC協(xié)議把所有節(jié)點的狀態(tài)結(jié)合成聯(lián)合的系統(tǒng)狀態(tài),以此對每個節(jié)點的信道接入方式進行決策,因為是基于整個系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)信息做的決策,所以集中式MAC協(xié)議可以得到全局最優(yōu)的決策結(jié)果。但是,因為集中式MAC協(xié)議的狀態(tài)空間很大,集中式MAC協(xié)議進行信道接入決策需要的時間相對于分布式MAC協(xié)議很大。
[Abstract]:Wireless body-area network is a low-power wireless sensor network centered on human body. It has many applications in many fields, such as military, medical, sports and entertainment. Due to the requirement of concealment and portability of wireless body-area networks, the limited battery capacity of nodes makes the energy problem an important challenge for wireless body area networks. In recent years, energy acquisition, a new power supply technology for wireless body area network nodes, has become an effective solution to the energy problem of wireless body area networks. The traditional battery-powered nodes will enter the permanent sleep state because of the battery depletion, while the energy-based nodes will only enter the sleep state for a short time, and then the energy will be sufficient and then into the working state. Therefore, the core problem of wireless body-area network based on energy acquisition is how to use the collected energy to improve the data transmission efficiency of the network. In this paper, the medium Access Control (MAC) protocol in wireless body area network based on energy acquisition technology is studied, and the distributed and centralized MAC protocols are proposed, respectively. The aim is to improve the data transmission efficiency of wireless bulk area network based on energy acquisition technology, in which the factors considered are the decision speed and optimization degree of slot allocation strategy. 1. In the distributed MAC protocol strategy, we investigate the WBAN data transmission process from the point of view of the sub-nodes, and make the distributed decision on the channel access mode based on the sub-nodes. We construct an infinite MDP decision model by combining the number of packets in the buffer area and the number of available energy of the sub-nodes, and control the use of the non-competitive time slots of the sub-nodes by making the income function represent the number of packets transmitted by the sub-nodes. We solve the optimal strategy of MDP model. Based on the MDP optimal strategy, the sub-nodes can realize dynamic channel access based on the number of packets and the number of available energy. Simulation results show that our distributed dynamic MAC protocol achieves higher packet traffic than the traditional slot CSMA / CA protocol and reduces the packet overflow in the node buffer. 2. In the centralized MAC protocol strategy, we combine the data packet state and energy state of all sub-nodes in the whole WBAN into a joint system state, and construct an infinite MDP decision-making model. The decision result is the channel access mode of each sub-node. By designing the income function according to the packet traffic, we use approximate solution algorithm to solve the optimal slot allocation strategy to obtain the maximum packet traffic in WBAN network. Simulation results show that the centralized MAC protocol achieves higher data transmission and data transmission rate than the distributed MAC protocol and slot CSMA / CA. In the distributed MAC protocol, the neutron nodes decide the channel access mode according to their own state. Because the data packet and energy state space is small, the sub-nodes can quickly obtain the best channel access mode according to the real-time state. However, due to the lack of state and behavior information of other WBAN nodes, only local optimal policy results are obtained. The centralized MAC protocol combines the states of all nodes into a joint system state to make decisions on the channel access mode of each node, because it is based on the state information of the whole system. So the centralized MAC protocol can get the global optimal decision result. However, because of the large state space of the centralized MAC protocol, the time required for the centralized MAC protocol to make channel access decision is much larger than that for the distributed MAC protocol.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN915.04

【共引文獻】

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本文編號：2124274