發(fā)布時間：2018-06-29 17:00

  本文選題：合成孔徑雷達(dá) + 雙基地合成孔徑雷達(dá)��； 參考：《國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：基于星載照射源的雙基地合成孔徑雷達(dá)(Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar,BSAR)是指利用已在軌衛(wèi)星(包括SAR衛(wèi)星、導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星、通信衛(wèi)星等)作為發(fā)射機(jī),采用其它平臺(包括飛艇、飛機(jī)、汽車及固定站等)搭載接收機(jī)的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng),具有成本低廉、配置靈活、戰(zhàn)場生存能力強(qiáng)等技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,是目前的前沿和熱點研究方向。本論文具體涉及兩種不同的配置:基于導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星的BSAR和基于SAR衛(wèi)星的BSAR。其中,基于導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星的BSAR系統(tǒng)是指利用在軌導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星作為發(fā)射機(jī),采用近地靜止平臺搭載接收機(jī)的BSAR系統(tǒng);基于SAR衛(wèi)星的BSAR系統(tǒng)是指利用已在軌的星載SAR系統(tǒng)作為發(fā)射機(jī),采用飛艇平臺搭載接收機(jī)的BSAR系統(tǒng)。本文結(jié)合理論研究與工程應(yīng)用,針對上述兩種配置的BSAR系統(tǒng)在同步、成像以及干涉應(yīng)用技術(shù)上存在的共性問題和特殊問題開展了深入的研究。本文的主要研究工作可以概括如下:1.研究了基于星載照射源的BSAR系統(tǒng)概念與特性,并進(jìn)行了對比和分析,為進(jìn)一步的信號處理與干涉應(yīng)用研究奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。(1)論述了基于導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星的BSAR系統(tǒng)概念,并從系統(tǒng)幾何構(gòu)型、信噪比、空間分辨率以及時空覆蓋率等方面對其系統(tǒng)特性進(jìn)行了深入分析。(2)論述了基于SAR衛(wèi)星的BSAR系統(tǒng)概念,并從系統(tǒng)幾何構(gòu)型、信噪比、空間分辨率以及時空覆蓋率等方面對其系統(tǒng)特性進(jìn)行了深入分析。(3)針對兩種系統(tǒng)在信噪比特性和多普勒特性方面的異同,進(jìn)行了深入的對比與分析,明確了二者的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別。2.針對基于導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星的BSAR,研究了其同步與成像方法。具體工作為:(1)推導(dǎo)了系統(tǒng)回波信號模型,并分析了導(dǎo)航信號體制以及相位同步誤差的影響。(2)研究了同步預(yù)處理方法,實現(xiàn)了導(dǎo)航信息的有效檢測和多普勒頻率的精確估計,消除了導(dǎo)航信號體制的影響。(3)利用該系統(tǒng)收發(fā)幾何極度非對稱的特性,理論證明了直達(dá)波和散射波的距離歷程測量誤差可以在很大程度上相互抵消的結(jié)論。(4)基于測量誤差抵消原理,結(jié)合時域成像算法,提出了一種同步與成像一體化方法,并利用實測數(shù)據(jù)驗證了所提方法的有效性。3.針對基于SAR衛(wèi)星的BSAR,研究了其同步與成像方法。具體工作為:(1)采用了一種基于寬波束連續(xù)接收體制的空間同步方法,既保證了實驗的成功率,又可實現(xiàn)較寬的觀測場景覆蓋。(2)建立了時、頻同步誤差模型,分析了時、頻同步誤差對成像質(zhì)量的影響。(3)提出了一種時、頻同步與成像一體化方法,精確、高效地實現(xiàn)了同步與成像處理。該方法直接利用提取到的直達(dá)波信號時延及峰值相位對散射波信號進(jìn)行補償,然后利用泰勒級數(shù)展開和線性近似推導(dǎo)了同步后場景回波的二維頻譜,最后針對二維頻譜的特性,提出了一種基于二維ISFT的成像算法,可以滿足大場景、高精度的成像要求。4.研究了基于星載照射源的BSAR干涉應(yīng)用技術(shù)。具體工作為:(1)構(gòu)建了基于星載照射源的BSAR復(fù)圖像模型,針對干涉應(yīng)用深入分析了相干系數(shù),從而建立了基于星載照射源的BSAR干涉理論模型。(2)針對基于導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星的BSAR相干變化檢測應(yīng)用,首先研究了其技術(shù)原理,然后闡述了具體處理方法,最后著重從相干性角度分析了其技術(shù)性能。(3)針對基于SAR衛(wèi)星的BSAR干涉高程測量應(yīng)用,研究了其技術(shù)原理,針對其“立體測高”特性,分析了干涉條紋特性,通過深入分析系統(tǒng)相干性能,最后明確了該技術(shù)的相對高程測量精度。本文利用大量仿真數(shù)據(jù)與實測數(shù)據(jù)開展了充分的實驗驗證,從而證明了本文研究成果具有良好的實際應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (BSAR) based on Spaceborne radiation sources refers to the radar system that uses other platforms (including airships, aircraft, automobiles and fixed stations) that have been used as transmitters by using on orbit satellites (including SAR satellites, navigation satellites, communication satellites, etc.) as transmitters, and is cheap and configured. The technical advantage such as flexibility and strong battlefield survivability is the forward and hot research direction. This paper deals with two different configurations: BSAR based on navigation satellite and BSAR. based on SAR satellite, the BSAR system based on navigation satellite refers to the use of on orbit navigation satellite as a transmitter, and the use of near ground static platform to receive and receive. The BSAR system of the machine; the BSAR system based on the SAR satellite refers to the BSAR system that uses a spaceborne SAR system as the transmitter and the airship platform to carry the receiver. This paper combines the theoretical research and the engineering application to solve the common problems and special problems in the synchronization, imaging and interference application of the above two configuration BSAR systems. The main research work of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1. the concept and characteristics of BSAR system based on Spaceborne radiation source are studied and compared and analyzed, which lays a theoretical foundation for further signal processing and interference application research. (1) the concept of the navigation satellite based BSAR system is discussed and the system is from the system. The geometric configuration, signal to noise ratio, spatial resolution and space-time coverage are deeply analyzed. (2) the concept of BSAR system based on SAR satellite is discussed, and its system characteristics are deeply analyzed from the aspects of system geometry, signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution and space-time coverage. (3) two systems are applied to the system. The characteristics of signal-to-noise ratio and Doppler characteristics are compared and analyzed, and the relationship and difference between the two are clarified and the methods of synchronization and imaging for the BSAR based on navigation satellite are studied. The specific work is as follows: (1) the system echo signal model is derived, and the navigation signal system and the phase synchronization error are analyzed. (2) the synchronous preprocessing method is studied, which realizes the effective detection of navigation information and the accurate estimation of the Doppler frequency, and eliminates the influence of the navigation signal system. (3) the theory that the distance measurement error of the direct and scattered waves can be offset to a large extent by using the system's extreme asymmetrical characteristic of receiving and receiving geometry. 4. (4) based on the principle of measurement error cancellation and combined with time domain imaging algorithm, a method of integration of synchronization and imaging is proposed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the measured data. The method of synchronization and imaging for BSAR based on SAR satellite is studied. The specific work is: (1) a continuous receiver based on wide beam is adopted. The spatial synchronization method not only ensures the success rate of the experiment, but also realizes the wide observation scene coverage. (2) the time synchronization error model is established, and the influence of frequency synchronization error on the imaging quality is analyzed. (3) a method of integration of frequency synchronization and imaging is proposed, and the synchronization and imaging processing is realized accurately and efficiently. Using the time delay and peak phase of the extracted direct wave signal to compensate the scattered wave signal, then using the Taylor series expansion and the linear approximation to deduce the two-dimensional spectrum of the scene echo after the synchronization. Finally, a two-dimensional ISFT based imaging algorithm is proposed to meet the characteristics of the two-dimensional spectrum, which can satisfy the large scene and high precision. BSAR interference application technology based on Spaceborne radiation source is studied by.4.. The specific work is as follows: (1) a BSAR complex image model based on Spaceborne radiation source is constructed, and the coherence coefficient is deeply analyzed for the interference application, and the BSAR interference theory model based on the spaceborne radiation source is established. (2) the BSAR coherent change based on navigation satellite The technology principle is studied first, and then the specific processing method is discussed. Finally, its technical performance is analyzed from the angle of coherence. (3) in view of the application of BSAR interferometric elevation measurement based on SAR satellite, its technical principle is studied, and the characteristics of the interference fringe are analyzed in view of its "stereo height measurement" characteristics, and the system is deeply analyzed. In the end, the relative height measurement precision of the technology is made clear. This paper uses a lot of simulation data and measured data to carry out full experimental verification, which proves that the research results of this paper have good practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.52

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