本文選題：微帶陣列天線 + 高增益�。� 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：與傳統(tǒng)天線相比,微帶天線具有低輪廓,重量輕,易于共形,易于集成等許多優(yōu)勢(shì)。這使它在衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航和衛(wèi)星通信方面獲得了普遍應(yīng)用。在要求低剖面輻射的情況下,微帶天線總是被優(yōu)先考慮使用。但由于微帶天線具有功率小、工作頻帶窄、功率損耗大等缺點(diǎn),這些在很大程度上都約束了其應(yīng)用范圍。最近這些年來(lái),天線研究者們著力于尋找具有寬頻帶、高增益、小型化、多頻段等優(yōu)良特性的天線。所以,研究如何使微帶天線具有高增益特性是一個(gè)很有實(shí)際意義的課題。本文是通過(guò)陣列的方式來(lái)增加微帶天線的增益。本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)X波段的收發(fā)天線相互獨(dú)立的高增益雷達(dá)探測(cè)天線。天線和收發(fā)機(jī)電路設(shè)計(jì)在同一塊金屬板上。饋電方式采用同軸線饋電。同軸線穿過(guò)金屬板將收發(fā)機(jī)電路和天線連接起來(lái),由于射頻電路與天線被金屬板隔開(kāi),射頻電路對(duì)天線的輻射基本無(wú)影響。發(fā)射天線和接收天線之間也使用金屬板隔開(kāi),這樣保證了發(fā)射天線和接收天線之間的隔離度。同時(shí)對(duì)收發(fā)天線而言,金屬板還充當(dāng)了反射板,可使輻射出的電磁波方向性更強(qiáng),提高了天線的增益。從仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)可以看出,增加金屬板后天線的增益提高了3dB。收發(fā)天線都是20個(gè)單元的直線陣,采用串行饋電的方式。使用一個(gè)T型功分器與同軸線相連。矩形微帶天線陣元的間距設(shè)為一個(gè)傳導(dǎo)波長(zhǎng)。這樣確保了每個(gè)陣元接收的饋電電流同相,有利于提高天線陣的增益。為了提高主瓣電平同時(shí)抑制副瓣電平,本文采用切比雪夫綜合法來(lái)計(jì)算每個(gè)陣元饋電電流的幅度,然后根據(jù)電流的幅度推導(dǎo)出每個(gè)陣元饋電微帶線的寬度。電流由直線陣的中間向兩邊一級(jí)一級(jí)的傳輸。每級(jí)之間都有一個(gè)四分之一波長(zhǎng)阻抗變換器,這樣可以使得總的反射電流最小,從而提高天線陣的輻射效率。本文設(shè)計(jì)的天線的諧振頻率為9.6GHz,帶寬為150MHz,增益達(dá)到22dB,水平方向上的半功率波瓣寬度為5.2度,副瓣電平抑制到-25dB以下,前后比小于-30dB。在工作帶寬內(nèi)收發(fā)天線的隔離度大于57dB。達(dá)到了雷達(dá)探測(cè)天線的要求。
[Abstract]:Compared with traditional antenna, microstrip antenna has many advantages, such as low profile, light weight, easy conformal and easy integration. This makes it widely used in satellite navigation and satellite communication. Microstrip antennas are always preferred when low profile radiation is required. However, the microstrip antenna has many disadvantages, such as low power, narrow working band and large power loss. In recent years, antenna researchers have focused on finding antennas with broad band, high gain, miniaturization, multi-band and so on. Therefore, the study of how to make microstrip antenna have high gain characteristics is a very meaningful topic. In this paper, the gain of microstrip antenna is increased by array. In this paper, an X band high gain radar detection antenna is designed, which is independent of each other. The antenna and the transceiver electromechanical circuit are designed on the same metal plate. The feeding mode adopts coaxial line feed. The coaxial line passes through the metal plate to connect the transceiver electromechanical circuit and the antenna. Because the RF circuit is separated from the antenna by the metal plate, the radiofrequency circuit has no effect on the radiation of the antenna. A metal plate is also used between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, which ensures the isolation between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. At the same time, the metal plate acts as the reflector, which makes the electromagnetic wave directivity stronger and the antenna gain higher. The simulation results show that the gain of the antenna increases by 3 dB after the metal plate is added. The transceiver antenna is a linear array of 20 units. A T-type power divider is used to connect to the coaxial line. The spacing of rectangular microstrip antenna array is set to a conduction wavelength. In this way, the feed current received by each element is in phase and the gain of antenna array is improved. In order to improve the main lobe level and suppress the sidelobe level, the Chebyshev synthesis method is used to calculate the amplitude of each element feed current, and the width of each element feed microstrip line is derived according to the amplitude of the current. The transmission of electric current from the middle of a linear array to one level on either side. There is a 1/4 wavelength impedance converter between each stage, which minimizes the total reflected current and improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna array. The resonant frequency of the antenna designed in this paper is 9.6 GHz, the bandwidth is 150 MHz, the gain is 22 dB, the width of the half power lobe in the horizontal direction is 5.2 degrees, the sidelobe level is reduced to less than -25 dB, and the ratio between front and back is less than -30 dB. The isolation of transceiver antenna is greater than 57 dB in the working bandwidth. Meet the radar detection antenna requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN822

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：2068793