本文選題：穿墻雷達 + 圖理論　； 參考：《國防科學技術(shù)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：電磁波特別是低頻電磁波對非金屬建筑材料具有穿透特性,它可以對隱蔽于墻體后面的目標進行成像、探測和定位,基于此原理的穿墻雷達(Through-theWall Radar,TWR)近年來在災難救援、反恐防暴以及城市巷戰(zhàn)等領域得到了廣泛應用。建筑物布局重構(gòu)雷達屬于TWR的一種,但其有別于需貼墻或離墻很近工作的傳統(tǒng)穿墻雷達,它可以遠距離大視角多方位對整棟建筑物進行觀測成像并通過對穿墻雷達回波和圖像的處理達到重構(gòu)建筑物布局的目的。國內(nèi)外對于建筑物布局重構(gòu)算法的研究才剛剛起步,本文圍繞此問題構(gòu)建了以墻-墻-地板形成的介質(zhì)三面角為節(jié)點、以墻為邊的建筑物布局圖(Building Layout Graph,BLG)模型,提出了一種基于圖理論的建筑物布局重構(gòu)方法,主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新點如下:首先,研究了節(jié)點位置屬性獲取方法。提出了一種基于圖像域的節(jié)點位置校正參數(shù)估計方法,通過在圖像域設計濾波器,將節(jié)點位置校正參數(shù)的估計問題轉(zhuǎn)化為濾波器參數(shù)的最優(yōu)化問題,進而補償?shù)粢驂w存在引起的電磁波傳播延時效應,保證獲得盡量精確的建筑物內(nèi)部典型散射體位置坐標,該方法在保證了較高估計精度的同時也提高了運算效率。校正參數(shù)估計完成后對四面墻構(gòu)成的矩形建筑物內(nèi)部的典型散射體極化特性進行了詳細的理論分析、電磁仿真驗證和暗室試驗驗證,利用極化特性對二面角、三面角等典型散射體進行分類后,再結(jié)合恒虛警(Constant False Alarm Rate)方法和形態(tài)學濾波提取典型散射體的感興趣區(qū)域(Region of Interest),進而得到BLG中節(jié)點的位置屬性。其次,研究了節(jié)點角度屬性獲取方法。由墻-墻-地板結(jié)構(gòu)形成的三面角姿態(tài)對于確定正確的建筑物布局非常重要,本文基于三面角節(jié)點的幅度比(Amplitude Ratio,AR)特征提出了一種在圖像域?qū)ζ渥藨B(tài)角進行估計的方法,姿態(tài)角的估計值最終由計算出的AR來確定。在分析了多輸入多輸出(Multiple-Input MultipleOutput,MIMO)陣列的虛擬孔徑雷達成像幾何并給出AR的定義之后,本文結(jié)合基于幾何繞射理論(Geometry Theory of Diffraction)的參數(shù)化后向散射模型先在回波域分析AR,以此作為解析的匹配模板庫�？紤]到實際建筑物內(nèi)部往往存在多個三面角,而在回波域只能估計單個三面角姿態(tài)的情況,本文利用一種描述MIMO陣列成像過程的虛擬孔徑成像模型在圖像域?qū)ㄖ飪?nèi)部所有的三面角節(jié)點角度屬性進行估計,有效克服了回波域方法的不足。在獲取了節(jié)點的位置屬性和角度屬性以后,本文利用圖理論方法研究了基于最小生成樹(Minimum Spanning Tree,MST)的建筑物布局重構(gòu)方法,解決迭代重構(gòu)過程中的自動計算問題。BLG的邊權(quán)值定義是運用最小生成樹方法的關(guān)鍵,本文充分利用三面角節(jié)點的位置屬性和角度屬性構(gòu)造了合理的邊權(quán)值,并證明了權(quán)值定義中的參數(shù)在一定范圍內(nèi)取值時,BLG中的最小生成樹與建筑物布局是完全等價的,從而將建筑物布局重構(gòu)過程轉(zhuǎn)化成賦權(quán)完全圖BLG中最小生成樹的搜索過程,再利用圖理論中的最小生成樹搜索算法對仿真的建筑物布局進行了重構(gòu)。隨后,本文利用最小生成樹方法處理了全視角觀測和正交視角觀測兩種情況下典型建筑物的高頻近似電磁仿真數(shù)據(jù),驗證了基于圖理論的迭代重構(gòu)方法的有效性。對實際測量中建筑物內(nèi)部容易出現(xiàn)干擾目標的情況,本文充分利用雷達圖像當中的角點信息和墻邊信息,對傳統(tǒng)的最小生成樹方法進行了改進,構(gòu)建了一種帶邊約束條件的最小生成樹模型,并提出了此約束條件下的最小生成樹構(gòu)造方法,以此為基礎剔除掉干擾目標獲得正確的建筑物布局,改進的最小生成樹方法同樣適用于不存在干擾目標條件下的建筑物布局重構(gòu)。最后,對全文進行總結(jié),并指出建筑物布局重構(gòu)問題中需進一步研究的方向。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic waves, especially low frequency electromagnetic waves, have penetrability to non-metallic building materials. It can imaging, detecting and locating targets hidden behind the wall. Through-theWall Radar (TWR) based on this principle has been widely used in disaster relief, anti terrorist riot and urban street warfare in recent years. The layout reconfiguration radar is a kind of TWR, but it is different from the traditional through wall radar that needs to stick to the wall or close to the wall. It can observe and imaging the whole building from a long distance from a large angle to the whole building and reconstruct the layout of the building through the processing of the echo and image of the wall. The research of the algorithm is just starting. In this paper, a new method of building layout reconstruction based on Building Layout Graph (BLG) is proposed. The main research work and innovation points are as follows: first, the nodes are studied. A method of location attribute acquisition is proposed. A method of parameter estimation is proposed based on the image domain. By designing a filter in the image domain, the estimation of the position correction parameter is converted to the optimization problem of the filter parameters, and then the delay effect of the electromagnetic wave propagation caused by the existence of the wall is compensated. The position coordinates of the typical scattering body inside the building are accurate. This method ensures high estimation accuracy and improves the operation efficiency. After the correction parameter estimation is completed, the polarization characteristics of the typical scatterers in the rectangular building made up of the four wall walls are analyzed in detail, the electromagnetic simulation verification and the dark room test are verified. After classification of typical scatterers such as dihedral angle and three plane angle with polarization characteristics, the region of interest (Region of Interest) of typical scatterers (Region of Interest) is extracted with Constant False Alarm Rate method and morphological filtering, and then the location attributes of nodes in BLG are obtained. Secondly, the acquisition method of node angle attributes is studied. The three plane angle posture formed by the floor structure is very important to determine the correct layout of the building. Based on the amplitude ratio (Amplitude Ratio, AR) of the three surface angle nodes, this paper proposes a method to estimate the attitude angle in the image domain. The estimation value of the attitude angle is determined by the calculated AR. After the Multiple-Input MultipleOutput, MIMO) array's virtual aperture radar imaging geometry and the definition of AR, this paper analyzes the AR in the echo domain based on the parameterized backward scattering model based on the geometric diffraction theory (Geometry Theory of Diffraction), which is used as the matching template library for the analysis. In this paper, a virtual aperture imaging model describing the MIMO array imaging process is used to estimate the angle attributes of all three angle nodes in the building, which can effectively overcome the shortage of the back wave domain method. The position of the node is obtained. After the attribute and the angle attribute, this paper uses the graph theory method to study the building layout reconstruction method based on Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). To solve the automatic calculation problem in the iterative reconstruction process, the edge weight definition of.BLG is the key to use the minimum spanning tree method. This paper makes full use of the location attribute of the three side angle nodes. And the angle attribute constructs reasonable edge weights, and proves that the minimum spanning tree in BLG is completely equivalent to the building layout when parameters in the definition of weight value are taken in a certain range. Thus, the reconstruction process of the building layout is transformed into the search process of the smallest spanning tree in the empowerment complete graph BLG, and then the minimum generation in the graph theory is used. The tree search algorithm reconstructs the simulation building layout. Then, this paper uses the minimum spanning tree method to deal with the high frequency approximate electromagnetic simulation data of the typical buildings under the full angle observation and the orthogonal visual angle observation in two cases, and verifies the validity of the iterative reconstruction method based on the graph theory. It is easy to interfere with the target. This paper makes full use of the corner information and wall information in the radar image, improves the traditional method of the minimum spanning tree, constructs a minimum spanning tree model with edge constraint conditions, and puts forward the minimum spanning tree construction method under this constraint, which is based on the elimination of dry tree. In order to get the correct layout of the building, the improved minimum spanning tree method is also applicable to the reconstruction of the building layout without interference target. Finally, the full text is summarized, and the direction of further research in the reconstruction of the building layout is pointed out.
【學位授予單位】：國防科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.52

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