本文選題：超寬帶 + Vivaldi天線　； 參考：《國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從二十世紀(jì)五六十年代超寬帶雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的概念提出以來,其距離分辨率高、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、監(jiān)聽/截獲概率小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)立刻吸引了眾多研究人員,并取得了系列的研究成果。隨著超寬帶技術(shù)的發(fā)展,超寬帶天線設(shè)計(jì)面臨著巨大挑戰(zhàn)。小型化、高增益已經(jīng)成為超寬帶天線的研究方向。本文主要是針對(duì)兩種主要的超寬帶天線——Vivaldi天線和阿基米德螺旋天線進(jìn)行了研究設(shè)計(jì)。首先,本文簡要介紹了超寬帶技術(shù)的歷史發(fā)展,著重介紹了超寬帶雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中的穿墻雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)和探地雷達(dá)系統(tǒng),對(duì)常見的超寬帶天線進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和分類,并判斷了其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。其次,本文介紹了Vivaldi天線的研究背景和意義,并詳細(xì)總結(jié)了其天線的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。從對(duì)趾Vivaldi天線的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和輻射機(jī)理出發(fā),研究了對(duì)趾Vivaldi天線的設(shè)計(jì)方法,設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)對(duì)趾Vivaldi天線原型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究了扼流結(jié)構(gòu)加載對(duì)天線性能的影響,設(shè)計(jì)了扼流Vivaldi天線,制作并測(cè)試了扼流Vivaldi天線實(shí)物,證明了扼流結(jié)構(gòu)加載這種法在Vivaldi天線小型化設(shè)計(jì)上的可行性。其次,本文研究了雙指數(shù)線型對(duì)趾Vivaldi天線的輻射機(jī)理,設(shè)計(jì)了雙指數(shù)線對(duì)趾Vivaldi天線原型。通過分析天線原型高頻端輻射方向圖分裂惡化的原因,總結(jié)目前現(xiàn)有的解決方案,提出了漸變介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)加載的方法,根據(jù)其工作原理,設(shè)計(jì)了帶寬更寬、增益更高的漸變介質(zhì)加載的Vivaldi天線。加工制作了該改進(jìn)型天線,并對(duì)該天線的性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,分析測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)并總結(jié)了經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。再次,本文研究了阿基米德螺旋天線,從非頻變天線的角度簡單介紹了阿基米德螺旋天線的超寬帶特性,詳細(xì)分析了阿基米德螺旋天線的工作機(jī)理和設(shè)計(jì)流程,根據(jù)這個(gè)流程設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)簡單的阿基米德螺旋天線原型。最后,本文總結(jié)已有的阿基米德螺旋天線改進(jìn)方法,簡單比較了其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),根據(jù)介質(zhì)覆蓋可以改善天線口徑面處幅度、相位不均勻分布的原理,設(shè)計(jì)了多層介質(zhì)加載的阿基米德螺旋天線,仿真結(jié)果表明了多層介質(zhì)覆蓋的方法可以提高天線增益,驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Since the concept of UWB radar system was put forward in the 1950s and 1960s, its advantages such as high range resolution, strong anti-jamming ability and low interception probability have attracted many researchers and obtained a series of research results. With the development of UWB technology, UWB antenna design is facing great challenges. Miniaturization and high gain have become the research direction of UWB antenna. In this paper, two main UWB antennas, Vivaldi antenna and Archimedes spiral antenna, are studied and designed. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the historical development of UWB technology, focuses on the wall penetrating radar system and ground penetrating radar system in UWB radar system, summarizes and classifies the common UWB antenna, and judges its development trend. Secondly, the research background and significance of Vivaldi antenna are introduced, and the development of Vivaldi antenna is summarized in detail. Based on the basic structure and radiation mechanism of the opposite toe Vivaldi antenna, the design method of the pair toe Vivaldi antenna is studied, and a prototype of the pair toe Vivaldi antenna is designed. On this basis, the effect of choke structure loading on the antenna performance is studied. The choke Vivaldi antenna is designed, and the real object of the choke Vivaldi antenna is fabricated and tested. It is proved that the choke structure loading method is feasible in the miniaturization design of the Vivaldi antenna. Secondly, the radiation mechanism of the dual-exponential line-to-toe Vivaldi antenna is studied, and the prototype of the dual-exponential line-to-toe Vivaldi antenna is designed. By analyzing the causes of the splitting and deterioration of the radiation pattern at the high frequency end of the antenna prototype, the existing solutions are summarized, and the loading method of the gradual medium structure is put forward. According to its working principle, a wider bandwidth is designed. Higher gain gradient medium loaded Vivaldi antenna. The improved antenna is fabricated and the performance of the antenna is tested, the test data are analyzed and the experience and lessons are summarized. Thirdly, the Archimedes helical antenna is studied in this paper. The UWB characteristics of the Archimedes spiral antenna are briefly introduced from the point of view of non-frequency varying antenna, and the working mechanism and design flow of the Archimedes spiral antenna are analyzed in detail. According to this process, a simple Archimedes helical antenna prototype is designed. Finally, this paper summarizes the existing methods of improving Archimedes helical antenna, and compares its advantages and disadvantages. According to the principle that dielectric coverage can improve the amplitude and phase uneven distribution of antenna aperture surface, The Archimedes spiral antenna loaded with multi-layer medium is designed. The simulation results show that the multi-layer dielectric coverage method can improve the antenna gain and verify the effectiveness of the method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.2

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本文編號(hào)：2017152