本文選題：雙頻段 + 寬頻帶��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：天線作為無線電設(shè)備的關(guān)鍵部件,對通信系統(tǒng)的性能有著至關(guān)重要的影響。圓極化天線因?yàn)榫哂薪邮招矢呒坝行б种朴觎F干擾的特點(diǎn),已在雷達(dá)、移動(dòng)通信、電子干擾和衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)等領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。本文通過結(jié)合相關(guān)科研項(xiàng)目,主要對圓極化天線的雙頻和寬帶技術(shù)展開深入研究和探索,并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一款雙頻圓極化微帶貼片天線和兩款寬帶圓極化平面螺旋天線。 文中首先介紹了近年來雙頻段和寬頻帶圓極化天線的研究現(xiàn)狀,然后給出了微帶天線的基本理論和實(shí)現(xiàn)雙頻、寬帶圓極化的主要方法,接著分析了平面螺旋天線模型、工作原理和特性參數(shù),最后是本文設(shè)計(jì)的三款圓極化天線,詳細(xì)工作內(nèi)容如下： 設(shè)計(jì)了一款單饋電層疊式雙頻圓極化微帶貼片天線,有效覆蓋了北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(CNSS)的￡和S頻段。天線采用層疊結(jié)構(gòu)引入多諧振,并在貼片對角切角實(shí)現(xiàn)圓極化。通過引入空氣層降低相對介電常數(shù)和在探針頂部加載容性金屬片抵消了過長探針帶來的感抗,實(shí)現(xiàn)了頻段展寬。天線在數(shù)值仿真的基礎(chǔ)上,獲得較好的圓極化特性,結(jié)果表明,阻抗帶寬在￡頻段和S頻段分別達(dá)到了82MHz和156MHz,3dB軸比帶寬分別達(dá)到了18MHz和38MHz。本次設(shè)計(jì)不但實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙頻圓極化輻射,而且在每個(gè)頻段的帶寬都有所展寬,增加了天線在不同環(huán)境中使用的有效性與可靠性。最后完成了實(shí)物加工制作,并對回波損耗系數(shù)S11進(jìn)行了測試與比較。 設(shè)計(jì)了兩款工作頻率在1-12GHz的寬帶圓極化平面螺旋天線。根據(jù)某項(xiàng)目要求,結(jié)合平面螺旋天線理論知識,首先對平面等角螺旋天線進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡-非平衡間的轉(zhuǎn)換以及天線輸入阻抗與同軸線特性阻抗的變換,設(shè)計(jì)一種簡單易加工的超寬帶直線漸變型雙面微帶線巴倫。同時(shí)為了改善低頻軸比,在螺旋臂末端加載吸收電阻,最終獲得雙向輻射的頻比為12：1的寬帶圓極化平面等角螺旋天線。鑒于項(xiàng)目對天線單向輻射的要求,后期進(jìn)行了方案修改,設(shè)計(jì)了一款帶有異形反射腔的阿基米德螺旋天線,并采用電性能更優(yōu)的指數(shù)漸變結(jié)構(gòu)微帶巴倫對其饋電。最后利用電磁仿真軟件進(jìn)行分段仿真,對天線在每個(gè)頻段的阻抗特性,主軸方向軸比特性,以及遠(yuǎn)場輻射方向圖和增益等性能做出詳細(xì)分析與討論。結(jié)果表明,各項(xiàng)性能參數(shù)基本達(dá)到項(xiàng)目指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:As a key component of radio equipment, antenna plays an important role in the performance of communication system. Circular polarization antenna has been widely used in radar, mobile communication, electronic jamming and satellite positioning system due to its high receiving efficiency and effective suppression of rain and fog interference. In this paper, the dual-frequency and wideband technologies of circular polarization antenna are deeply studied and explored by combining with related scientific research projects. On this basis, a dual-frequency circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna and two wide-band circular polarized planar helical antennas are designed. Then the basic theory of microstrip antenna and the main methods to realize double frequency and wide band circular polarization are given. Then the planar helical antenna model, working principle and characteristic parameters are analyzed. Finally, three kinds of circular polarization antenna are designed in this paper. The detailed work is as follows: a single-fed stacked double-frequency circular polarized microstrip patch antenna is designed, which effectively covers the S band of Beidou Satellite Navigation system (CNSS). The antenna uses stacked structure to introduce multi-resonance and circular polarization is realized at diagonal tangent angle of the patch. By introducing air layer to reduce the relative dielectric constant and loading capacitive metal sheet at the top of the probe to cancel the inductance of the long probe, the band broadening is realized. On the basis of numerical simulation, the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna are obtained. The results show that the impedance bandwidth reaches 82MHz and 156MHz / 3dB axis ratio bandwidth in the frequency band and S band, respectively, and the impedance bandwidth reaches 18MHz and 38MHz respectively. This design not only realizes the dual-frequency circular polarization radiation, but also broadens the bandwidth of each frequency band, which increases the efficiency and reliability of the antenna in different environments. Finally, the material processing is finished, and the echo loss coefficient S11 is tested and compared. Two wide-band circularly polarized planar helical antennas operating at 1-12GHz are designed. According to the requirements of a project and the theoretical knowledge of planar helical antenna, the planar isobaric helical antenna is first designed. In order to realize the conversion between balance and non-equilibrium and the transformation between antenna input impedance and coaxial characteristic impedance, a simple and easy machining double sided microstrip line Barron is designed. At the same time, in order to improve the low frequency axial ratio, the absorption resistance is loaded at the end of the helical arm, and finally, the broadband circular polarization plane isobaric helical antenna with 12:1 frequency ratio of bidirectional radiation is obtained. In view of the requirements of the project for unidirectional radiation of the antenna, a modified scheme was carried out in the later period, and an Archimedes spiral antenna with a special-shaped reflecting cavity was designed, and the microstrip Barron with a better electrical performance was used to feed the antenna. Finally, the electromagnetic simulation software is used to simulate the impedance characteristics of the antenna in each frequency band, the characteristics of the spindle axis ratio, the far-field radiation pattern and the gain and so on. The results show that the performance parameters basically reach the project targets.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN821.1

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