本文選題：端射天線 + 正交信號　； 參考：《北京理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：端射天線結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，風(fēng)阻小、成本低，作為雷達(dá)的發(fā)射和接收天線，可以大幅度縮減尺寸，實(shí)現(xiàn)雷達(dá)天線與載體的完美結(jié)合。但是端射天線相比較于各種口徑天線其增益不高，這一缺點(diǎn)制約了它應(yīng)用于需要窄波束、高增益的雷達(dá)天線方面。解決這一問題的辦法就是以端射天線為單元組成端射天線陣列。但是端射天線陣列由于本身體制問題引入單元間復(fù)雜的互耦問題，導(dǎo)致端射天線組陣很難獲得預(yù)期組陣高增益。通過拉大端射天線單元間距組陣可以獲得高增益，但是引入柵瓣和高副瓣電平。解決的辦法就是：提出基于最小二乘估計的虛擬內(nèi)插陣元組陣新方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)柵瓣抑制，提出低副瓣波束合成算法進(jìn)一步降低副瓣。 本文的研究工作重點(diǎn)圍繞數(shù)字端射天線低副瓣組陣問題展開,主要研究工作包括以下幾個方面： 1、研究正交信號激勵的數(shù)字端射陣列的基本原理。從陣列空域能量分布、抗截獲能力、陣列綜合方向圖等方面開展正交信號陣列性能分析。相比常規(guī)相控陣，正交信號激勵的端射陣列具有更低的截獲概率，更靈活的輻射空域控制，方向系數(shù)、波瓣寬度、副瓣電平等陣列指標(biāo)和常規(guī)相控陣指標(biāo)一致。通過推導(dǎo)發(fā)射陣列和接收陣列相移關(guān)系，在常規(guī)的自適應(yīng)波束形成算法的基礎(chǔ)上，研究基于正交信號激勵的自適應(yīng)數(shù)字波束形成算法，給后面章節(jié)提供理論算法基礎(chǔ)。 2、分析了互耦對于端射天線單元和端射陣列遠(yuǎn)場方向圖的影響。對于常用的互耦計算效應(yīng)的計算方法進(jìn)行分析和比較，提出一種修正的DBF算法來研究互耦對于端射天線單元和端射陣列遠(yuǎn)場方向圖的影響。該算法能夠正確的計算互耦對于端射天線單元和端射陣列遠(yuǎn)場方向圖的影響。仿真實(shí)例驗證了該算法正確性。從信號去耦的角度，分析端射天線在側(cè)射組陣時，正交信號激勵對于單元間互耦的影響。仿真結(jié)果顯示步進(jìn)頻正交信號激勵的端射陣列對于單元間互耦的抑制效果不大。 3、開展了基于虛擬內(nèi)插陣元技術(shù)的柵瓣抑制研究。當(dāng)接收端射陣列單元間距為1.5時，提出基于最小二乘估計的虛擬內(nèi)插陣元算法來抑制數(shù)字端射陣列的柵瓣。該算法是通過虛擬內(nèi)插陣元的方式，使虛擬陣列的單元間距減小到0.5，從而使陣列柵瓣得到抑制。仿真實(shí)驗結(jié)果證明了該算法的可行性。在實(shí)驗樣機(jī)上進(jìn)行了虛擬內(nèi)插陣元技術(shù)試驗驗證，測試結(jié)果驗證了基于虛擬內(nèi)插陣元技術(shù)抑制柵瓣的可行性和正確性。在相鄰兩個實(shí)端射天線單元間內(nèi)插3個虛擬端射天線單元形成虛擬端射陣列，虛擬端射陣列保持實(shí)端射陣列高增益，峰值副瓣電平由-8.35dB下降到-18.25dB，柵瓣得到明顯抑制。 4、開展了數(shù)字端射陣列低副瓣波束合成算法研究。首先研究干擾對消柵瓣抑制算法。該算法通過加入干擾信號的方式對方向圖副瓣進(jìn)行控制，但是在單元間距大于0.5時，在柵瓣處加入干擾信號，合成方向圖時不能抑制柵瓣。因此在單元間距大于0.5時，根據(jù)正交信號激勵的數(shù)字端射陣列的特點(diǎn)，，我們提出一種低副瓣波束合成算法。在發(fā)射陣列單元間距為1.5，接收陣列單元間距為0.5時，發(fā)射陣列出現(xiàn)柵瓣，我們可以在接收陣列方向圖中與柵瓣對應(yīng)的位置形成滿足一定條件的低副瓣，這樣在方向圖相乘以后便不會形成高的副瓣，而接收陣列方向圖的低副瓣值可通過加入干擾信號后DBF算法合成得到。仿真實(shí)驗結(jié)果驗證了算法的有效性。在發(fā)射陣列和接收陣列單元間距均為1.5，我們先通過第4章研究的在發(fā)射和接收陣列加入虛擬內(nèi)插陣元的方法抑制柵瓣，然后再利用第5章的低副瓣波束合成算法來進(jìn)一步降低副瓣電平。采用該算法后，接收陣列副瓣電平由-18.25dB下降到-28.12dB，雙程陣列副瓣電平由-15.53dB下降到-32.21dB。
[Abstract]:The end ejection antenna is simple in structure, small in wind resistance and low in cost. As a radar transmitting and receiving antenna, it can greatly reduce the size of the antenna and realize the perfect combination of the radar antenna and the carrier. However, the end shooting antenna has a low gain compared with the various aperture antennas. This disadvantage restricts its application to the radar antenna which needs narrow beam and high gain. The way to solve this problem is to use the end shooting antenna as an antenna array. However, the end ejection antenna array leads to the complex mutual coupling problem between the units due to its own system problem, which leads to the difficulty of obtaining the expected high gain of the expected array array. The solution of gate valve and high sidelobe level is to propose a new method of virtual inner array tuple array based on least square estimation to suppress the gate lobe, and propose a low sidelobe beamforming algorithm to further reduce the sidelobe.
The research work in this paper focuses on the low sidelobe array problem of digital end fire antenna. The main research work includes the following aspects:
1, the basic principle of digital end shooting array excited by orthogonal signal is studied. The performance analysis of orthogonal signal array is carried out from the space domain energy distribution, the anti interception ability, the array synthesis direction and so on. Compared with the conventional phased array, the end shooting array excited by the orthogonal signal has the lower intercept probability, the more flexible radiation space control, the direction system. The number, the lobe width, the sidelobe level and other array indexes are the same as the conventional phased array. By deriving the relationship between the transmit array and the received array phase shift, the adaptive beamforming algorithm based on the orthogonal signal excitation is studied on the basis of the conventional adaptive beamforming algorithm, which provides the theoretical algorithm basis for the following chapters.
2, the influence of mutual coupling on the end fire antenna element and the far field pattern of end ejection array is analyzed. A modified DBF algorithm is proposed to study the influence of mutual coupling on the end fire antenna element and the far field pattern of end ejection array. The simulation example shows the correctness of the algorithm. From the angle of the signal decoupling, the effect of the orthogonal signal excitation on the mutual coupling between the units is analyzed from the angle of the signal decoupling. The simulation results show that the end shooting array of the step frequency orthogonal signal excitation is used to suppress the mutual coupling among the units. The effect of the system is not very good.
3, the gate flap suppression based on virtual interpolation array is developed. When the spacing of the receiving end array unit is 1.5, a virtual interpolated array element algorithm based on the least square estimation is proposed to suppress the gate lobe of the digital end array. This algorithm makes the cell spacing of the virtual array reduced to 0.5 by the virtual interpolation array element. The array gate flap is suppressed. The simulation experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm. The experimental verification of the virtual interpolation array technique is carried out on the experimental prototype. The test results verify the feasibility and correctness of the suppression of the gate flap based on the virtual interpolation array technology. 3 virtual end shooting antenna units are interpolated between the two adjacent real terminal line units. The virtual end fire array is formed, the virtual end fire array keeps the high gain of the real end array, and the peak sidelobe level decreases from -8.35dB to -18.25dB, and the gate lobe is obviously suppressed.
4, research on the low sidelobe beam synthesis algorithm of digital end shooting array is carried out. Firstly, the interference cancellation gate suppression algorithm is studied. The algorithm controls the side lobe of the pattern by adding interference signals, but when the unit spacing is greater than 0.5, the interference signal is added to the gate flap, and the gate flap can not be suppressed when the direction map is combined. When the distance is greater than 0.5, we propose a low sidelobe beam synthesis algorithm based on the characteristics of the digital end shooting array excited by the orthogonal signal. When the spacing of the array unit is 1.5 and the spacing of the receiving array unit is 0.5, the array lobe appears in the array. We can form a certain condition in the position corresponding to the gate valve in the received array direction. The low sidelobe will not form a high sidelobe after multiplying the direction map, and the low sidelobe value of the received array pattern can be synthesized by the DBF algorithm after adding interference signals. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The space between the transmitter array and the receiving array unit is 1.5, and we first studied in the fourth chapter. This algorithm is used to reduce the sidelobe level further by using the low sidelobe beam synthesis algorithm in fifth chapters. After this algorithm, the received array sidelobe level is reduced from -18.25dB to -28.12dB, and the dual path array sidelobe level is reduced from -15.53dB to -32.21dB.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.2

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