本文選題：星地聯(lián)合測軌試驗 + 位置測量��； 參考：《國防科學技術(shù)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文的主題是移動站位置與姿態(tài)精密測量技術(shù)的研究。在星地聯(lián)合測軌試驗中,精確測定移動站位置姿態(tài)參量是試驗能夠正常進行的先決條件,由于移動站的機動性特點,其位置姿態(tài)參量不能事先測定,需要進行實時測量。同時移動站的位置坐標作為試驗測量結(jié)果的原始基準參量,須具備精密計量特性,因此,需要對其進行精密溯源。本論文圍繞 如何實時測定移動站的位置姿態(tài)參量,并使之具備精密計量特性‖這一基本問題,對移動站位置與姿態(tài)精密測量的三個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題展開研究。(1)位置與姿態(tài)精密測量方法問題。根據(jù)移動站的機動性特點,常規(guī)的大地測量方法無法勝任實時精確測定移動站位置的任務(wù)。而在姿態(tài)測量方法中,慣性導航方法不僅造價昂貴,而且在實際應(yīng)用中須已知移動站的初始姿態(tài)信息,給工程實踐帶來不便。因此,探索適用于移動站的位置與姿態(tài)精密測量方法問題是本論文要研究的第一個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題。(2)實時測量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計問題。關(guān)于車輛位置與姿態(tài)精密測量的實時測量系統(tǒng)目前還處理理論研究階段,針對移動站位置姿態(tài)信息的測量沒有現(xiàn)成可用的實時測量系統(tǒng),需要對其進行設(shè)計。因此,如何設(shè)計實時測量系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)移動站位置與姿態(tài)的測量,并采用什么技術(shù)手段來提高其測量精度,成為本論文要研究的第二個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題。(3)大地坐標的精密溯源問題�；趥鹘y(tǒng)的基線長度溯源方法受天氣以及通視性等因素的影響,不能實現(xiàn)對移動站位置坐標的精密溯源。因此,探索適用于移動站位置坐標精密溯源的方法問題成為本論文的第三個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)手段問題。為解決第一個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題,論文研究了常規(guī)的位置姿態(tài)測量方法,并探索出利用衛(wèi)星定位測姿方法可以實現(xiàn)移動站位置姿態(tài)的實時測量;為解決第二個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題,論文基于三個天線的安裝約束關(guān)系,研究了三測點聯(lián)合位置姿態(tài)解算方法,并根據(jù)該技術(shù)的需求設(shè)計了實時測量系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)方案;為解決第三個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題,論文研究了將移動站位置坐標精密溯源到IGS跟蹤站坐標可行性,并探索出利用GAMIT軟件實現(xiàn)移動站位置坐標精密溯源的方法。論文根據(jù)設(shè)計的實時測量系統(tǒng)技術(shù)方案,對移動站位置姿態(tài)的測量展開實驗,結(jié)果表明,設(shè)計的實時測量系統(tǒng)技術(shù)方案現(xiàn)實可行,解算結(jié)果能夠滿足星地聯(lián)合測軌試驗對移動站位置姿態(tài)的精度要求,達到了論文預期的目的。
[Abstract]:The subject of this paper is the research of precise measurement technology of position and attitude of mobile station. In the joint satellite and earth orbit test, the accurate determination of the position and attitude parameters of the mobile station is a prerequisite for the normal performance of the test. Due to the mobility of the mobile station, the position and attitude parameters cannot be determined in advance, so it is necessary to carry out real-time measurement. At the same time, the position coordinates of the mobile station as the original datum parameters of the test results must have the precision metering characteristic, therefore, it is necessary to trace the precise source of them. This paper focuses on how to measure the position and attitude parameters of the mobile station in real time and make it have precise metering characteristics. In this paper, three key technical problems in precise measurement of position and attitude of mobile station are studied. According to the mobility of mobile station, the conventional geodetic method can not be used to accurately determine the position of mobile station in real time. In attitude determination method, inertial navigation method is not only expensive, but also need to know the initial attitude information of mobile station in practical application, which brings inconvenience to engineering practice. Therefore, it is the first key technical problem in this paper to explore the position and attitude precision measurement method suitable for mobile station, which is the design problem of real-time measurement system. The real-time measurement system for precise vehicle position and attitude measurement is still in the stage of theoretical research. There is no ready-made real-time measurement system for the position and attitude information of mobile station, so it is necessary to design it. Therefore, how to design a real-time measurement system to measure the position and attitude of a mobile station, and how to improve its measurement accuracy, has become the second key technical problem in this paper. Based on the traditional base-line length traceability method which is influenced by weather and visibility the precise traceability of mobile station position coordinates can not be realized. Therefore, it is the third key technical problem in this paper to explore the method which is suitable for precise traceability of mobile station position coordinates. In order to solve the first key technical problem, this paper studies the conventional position and attitude measurement methods, and explores that the satellite positioning and attitude determination method can be used to realize the real-time measurement of the mobile station position attitude, in order to solve the second key technical problem, Based on the installation constraint relation of the three antennas, this paper studies the joint position and attitude calculation method of the three measuring points, and designs the technical scheme of the real-time measurement system according to the requirement of the technology, in order to solve the third key technical problem, This paper studies the feasibility of accurately tracing the position coordinate of mobile station to the coordinate of IGS tracking station, and explores the method of realizing precise tracing of position coordinate of mobile station by using GAMIT software. According to the technical scheme of the real-time measurement system, the experiment is carried out to measure the position and attitude of the mobile station. The results show that the technical scheme of the real-time measurement system is practical and feasible. The calculation results can meet the precision requirements of the satellite and ground joint orbit determination test on the position and attitude of the mobile station, and achieve the expected purpose of the paper.
【學位授予單位】：國防科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN967.1

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