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鐵路監(jiān)測無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-06-01 11:31

  本文選題:移動無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 定位技術(shù) ; 參考:《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文


【摘要】:鐵路運輸安全是運營管理部門必須面對的重要問題,我國大約有三分之二的鐵路處于地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜、災(zāi)害易發(fā)的中西部山區(qū)。通過對大量鐵路事故研究可知,大部分是由于機車不能及時獲取鐵路沿線自然災(zāi)害信息和列車位置信息而引起的。因此,,研究和設(shè)計實時監(jiān)測鐵路沿線自然災(zāi)害和列車定位信息的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是當務(wù)之急。這可為安全行車提供技術(shù)保障,對于鐵路安全運輸具有重要意義。 無線傳感器節(jié)點還具有低成本、低功耗、自組織性和獲取與處理數(shù)據(jù)的能力強的特點。與有線模式相比,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在設(shè)備成本,維護升級,穩(wěn)定可靠等方面都具有相當優(yōu)勢。在社會生產(chǎn)生活領(lǐng)域具有非常廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,本文正是在這一背景下開展了鐵路監(jiān)測無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進行研究。 論文利用無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)可快速部署和組網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢,建立了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)上層信息傳輸平臺,用于實現(xiàn)列車定位和鐵路沿線信息的采集和傳輸。匯聚節(jié)點管理和收集簇內(nèi)無線傳感器節(jié)點的監(jiān)測信息,經(jīng)上層無線信息傳輸平臺發(fā)送到車載匯聚節(jié)點和監(jiān)控中心。車載計算機和監(jiān)控中心服務(wù)器對車載匯聚節(jié)點接收的信息進行處理、計算出沿線列車的追蹤間隔,并對影響運輸安全的信息給出預(yù)警,通知采取預(yù)防措施起到預(yù)防鐵路事故發(fā)生的作用。 論文主要做了以下幾個方面的研究工作: (1)論文在研究國內(nèi)外文獻基礎(chǔ)上,指出了研究中面臨的技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)和應(yīng)用相關(guān)的技術(shù)。通過閱讀大量文獻對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)和ZigBee技術(shù)進行了研究。 (2)在分析鐵路監(jiān)測無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測內(nèi)容和功能需求的基礎(chǔ)上,探索性設(shè)計了分層型無線傳感器網(wǎng)信息傳輸平臺。上層信息傳輸平臺由交叉部署在鐵路沿線的地面匯聚節(jié)點構(gòu)成,用于完成對列車的定位以及鐵路沿線監(jiān)測信息的收集與傳輸。 (3)對鐵路監(jiān)測無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組網(wǎng)模型進行了改進,使之滿足連通性和覆蓋性要求。按照匯聚節(jié)點完成的功能要求,設(shè)計了匯聚節(jié)點硬件和軟件。 (4)通過對無線傳感器節(jié)點定位算法以及列車定位方法進行研究,提出了里程計和無線傳感器節(jié)點組合列車定位方案。通過建立采用理想化模型對定位方法進行了定量分析,給出了定位的絕對誤差和相對誤差。由于時間緊促,論文中僅提出了進一步提高無線傳感器節(jié)點定位精確度的方法,并未進行驗證。 (5)引入能耗模型和時延計算公式,從理論上對平面型和層次型兩種網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)中的節(jié)點功耗與時延性能進行了定量分析,并給出了分析結(jié)果。 論文重點在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋模型和定位技術(shù)方面做了有益的探索性研究。鐵路監(jiān)測無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),涉及的研究方向和內(nèi)容廣泛,由于研究時間的限制,仍需要進一步完善。這些研究成果為下一階段課題組實現(xiàn)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在鐵路沿線監(jiān)測信息中的研究奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Railway transportation safety is an important problem to be faced by the operation management department . About two thirds of the railway in China is in the middle and western mountain areas with complex geological conditions and easy disaster .

The wireless sensor network has the characteristics of low cost , low power consumption , self - organizing and capability of acquiring and processing data . Compared with the wired mode , the wireless sensor network has considerable advantages in the aspects of equipment cost , maintenance and upgrade , stability and reliability , and has wide application prospect in the field of social production and life , and the key technology of the railway monitoring wireless sensor network is researched under this background .

The invention utilizes the advantages of the wireless sensor network to rapidly deploy and networking , establishes the upper layer information transmission platform of the wireless sensor network , and is used for realizing the acquisition and transmission of information in the train positioning and the railway .

The thesis mainly studies the following aspects :

( 1 ) Based on the domestic and foreign literature , the paper points out the technical challenge and application - related technology in the research . The architecture and ZigBee technology of wireless sensor network are studied by reading a large number of literatures .

( 2 ) On the basis of analyzing the monitoring content and function requirements of the railway monitoring wireless sensor network , a hierarchical wireless sensor network information transmission platform is designed , and the upper layer information transmission platform is composed of a ground aggregation node which is cross - deployed on the railway , and is used for completing the positioning of the train and the collection and transmission of monitoring information along the railway line .

( 3 ) The network model of railway monitoring wireless sensor network is improved to meet the requirement of connectivity and coverage . The hardware and software of convergence node are designed according to the functional requirements of convergence node .

( 4 ) Through the research on the wireless sensor node location algorithm and the train positioning method , this paper puts forward a combination train positioning scheme for the mileage meter and the wireless sensor node . Through the establishment of the ideal model , the positioning method is analyzed quantitatively , and the absolute error and relative error of the positioning are given .

( 5 ) The energy consumption model and the time delay calculation formula are introduced , and the power consumption and time delay performance of nodes in both planar and hierarchical networks are quantitatively analyzed theoretically , and the analysis results are given .

This paper focuses on the research of wireless sensor network coverage model and location technology . The railway monitoring wireless sensor network is a complex system . The research direction and content of the railway monitoring wireless sensor network are extensive . Due to the limitation of the research time , further improvement is needed . The research results provide a good foundation for the research of the wireless sensor network in the monitoring information along the railway line .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:TN929.5;TP212.9

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