發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-27 12:28

  本文選題：室內(nèi)定位 + TOA��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著以智能手機(jī)、筆記本電腦、平板電腦等為代表的智能移動(dòng)設(shè)備的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展,移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用,基于移動(dòng)平臺(tái)打造的工具軟件和移動(dòng)服務(wù)如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn),為各類行業(yè)用戶和大眾用戶提供了豐富的服務(wù)。在移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中,基于位置的服務(wù)是使用頻率最高、應(yīng)用最為廣泛的服務(wù)之一,許多其它移動(dòng)應(yīng)用都直接或間接的使用到了LBS。借助于全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng),在戶外等開放性場(chǎng)所,LBS已經(jīng)能夠?yàn)橛脩籼峁└呔�、高穩(wěn)定性的位置服務(wù),其應(yīng)用已滲入到各個(gè)行業(yè)領(lǐng)域和大眾市場(chǎng)。然而在人類活動(dòng)更多的室內(nèi)場(chǎng)所,由于建筑物遮擋等問題,接收到的衛(wèi)星信號(hào)往往已發(fā)生畸變,進(jìn)而無(wú)法通過衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)量到目標(biāo)在室內(nèi)場(chǎng)所的準(zhǔn)確位置。因此,研究適合室內(nèi)環(huán)境的定位技術(shù),開發(fā)滿足行業(yè)用戶和大眾化應(yīng)用需求的定位系統(tǒng)移動(dòng)計(jì)算領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。本文的研究工作是在近些年來無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展和廣泛普及的時(shí)代背景下,結(jié)合智能移動(dòng)服務(wù)對(duì)定位導(dǎo)航技術(shù)、位置服務(wù)等新的需求而產(chǎn)生的。 本文對(duì)這一基于時(shí)間測(cè)量的室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)進(jìn)行了較深入、系統(tǒng)的研究,并針對(duì)影響定位精度的關(guān)鍵因素加以歸納分析,并提出了相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化算法。通過與現(xiàn)有方法的比較分析,以及原型系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,證明了本文的一系列優(yōu)化算法具有一定的可行性。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)歸納如下： (1)基于異步偽距差的室內(nèi)定位方法的研究。本文提出了基于距離差的往返時(shí)間測(cè)量法,往返時(shí)間法(RTT)測(cè)量由目標(biāo)終端主動(dòng)發(fā)送的定位請(qǐng)求信號(hào)經(jīng)過接入點(diǎn)處理返回的總的循環(huán)時(shí)間,以此避免對(duì)時(shí)鐘同步的需求。同時(shí)采用偽距差法能夠減少臨近接入點(diǎn)因傳播途中所受同源干擾造成的測(cè)量偏差。 (2)往返時(shí)間算法中系統(tǒng)處理延時(shí)的實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)定。傳統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)延時(shí)測(cè)定往往采用預(yù)先測(cè)值法來求得,在以后的定位使用中,沿用預(yù)先測(cè)量到的系統(tǒng)處理延時(shí)。這種方法的特點(diǎn)是,初步測(cè)量的延時(shí)在以后的使用中保持不變,無(wú)法實(shí)時(shí)改變。本文所述的方法將在每次信號(hào)傳遞到接入點(diǎn)端時(shí)開始計(jì)時(shí),在信號(hào)傳遞回給目標(biāo)終端時(shí)將計(jì)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)打包,同其它信息一起返回,終端根據(jù)收到的實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)定結(jié)果來計(jì)算位置,具有較高的定位精度。 (3)以高斯“背景”模型的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)量結(jié)果對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境的自適應(yīng)。本文提出了一種“背景”建模的方法,解決測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)變化后的自適應(yīng)選�。簩⒍ㄎ贿^程開始首段統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果看作“背景”,“背景”為有效統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的合集。由于終端在室內(nèi)場(chǎng)所的移動(dòng)過程通常是緩慢的線性變化,當(dāng)環(huán)境主動(dòng)短時(shí)間變化,“背景”將保持不變,而當(dāng)環(huán)境被動(dòng)改變或長(zhǎng)時(shí)間改變時(shí),則將“新環(huán)境”(新的測(cè)試結(jié)果)線性的融入到“背景”中,形成新的“背景”數(shù)據(jù),定位過程正是基于“背景”數(shù)據(jù)來測(cè)量終端的位置。 (4)研究基于定位高程坐標(biāo)來優(yōu)化水平定位結(jié)果的方法。目標(biāo)大多數(shù)情況下在室內(nèi)的活動(dòng)處于離散的平面空間內(nèi),高度值趨于穩(wěn)定,往往在該樓層高度值的1-2米之內(nèi)。有基于此,本文提出了一種基于高度誤差來優(yōu)化水平定位結(jié)果的方法,通過對(duì)多次測(cè)量結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),予以評(píng)估,進(jìn)一步剔除高度偏差較大的測(cè)量結(jié)果,以達(dá)到優(yōu)化測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的目的。 (5)研究以加權(quán)投票的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)定位信號(hào)接入點(diǎn)的實(shí)時(shí)選擇。本文將研究一種加權(quán)投票方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)接入點(diǎn)的實(shí)時(shí)選取,其基本原理是選取信號(hào)傳播途中,所受干擾相同的兩個(gè)臨近接入點(diǎn),采用本文的距離差法計(jì)算兩者信號(hào)傳播的距離差,盡可能的保證信號(hào)傳播途徑中同源誤差的去除。加權(quán)投票的方式主要用于接入點(diǎn)“臨近”程度的判定。
[Abstract]:With the advent and development of smart mobile devices , such as smart phones , laptops , tablets , etc . , mobile Internet has been widely used . The location - based service is one of the most widely used services . In mobile Internet , LBS has been able to provide users with high - precision and high - stability services .

In this paper , the indoor positioning technology based on time measurement is researched deeply and systematically , and the key factors influencing the positioning accuracy are analyzed , and the corresponding optimization algorithm is put forward . Through the comparison and analysis of the existing methods and the experimental verification of the prototype system , it is proved that the series of optimization algorithms are feasible . The main research contents and the innovation points of the paper are summarized as follows :

A round - trip time measurement method based on distance difference is presented in this paper . The round - trip time method ( RTT ) is used to measure the total round - round time returned by the target terminal through the access point processing so as to avoid the need of clock synchronization .

The method is characterized in that the time delay of the preliminary measurement is kept unchanged in the later use and cannot be changed in real time . The method described in this paper will start timing when the signal is transmitted to the end of the access point , and then the time data is packaged and returned with other information when the signal is transmitted back to the target terminal , and the terminal calculates the position according to the received real - time measurement result , and has higher positioning accuracy .

In this paper , a method of " background " modeling is proposed to solve the adaptive selection of the dynamic environment . In this paper , a method of " background " modeling is proposed to solve the adaptive selection after data change . As a result , the moving process of the terminal in the indoor space is regarded as " background " and " background " is the combination of valid statistics .

( 4 ) The method of optimizing the horizontal positioning result based on the coordinate of the location is studied . In most cases , the activity in the room is in the discrete plane space , the height value tends to be stable , often within 1 - 2 meters of the height value of the floor . Based on this , this paper presents a method for optimizing the horizontal positioning result based on the height error .

( 5 ) The real - time selection of location signal access points is realized by means of weighted voting . In this paper , a weighted voting scheme is used to realize the real - time selection of access points . The basic principle is to select two adjacent access points which are the same as those in the way of signal propagation . The distance difference method is used to calculate the distance difference between the two signals , and the removal of homologous errors in the signal propagation path is ensured as much as possible . The way of weighted voting is mainly used for the determination of the proximity of access points .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN925.93

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本文編號(hào)：1942084