本文選題：室內(nèi)定位 + TOA��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著以智能手機、筆記本電腦、平板電腦等為代表的智能移動設備的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展,移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)得到了越來越廣泛的應用,基于移動平臺打造的工具軟件和移動服務如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn),為各類行業(yè)用戶和大眾用戶提供了豐富的服務。在移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中,基于位置的服務是使用頻率最高、應用最為廣泛的服務之一,許多其它移動應用都直接或間接的使用到了LBS。借助于全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng),在戶外等開放性場所,LBS已經(jīng)能夠為用戶提供高精度、高穩(wěn)定性的位置服務,其應用已滲入到各個行業(yè)領域和大眾市場。然而在人類活動更多的室內(nèi)場所,由于建筑物遮擋等問題,接收到的衛(wèi)星信號往往已發(fā)生畸變,進而無法通過衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)準確地測量到目標在室內(nèi)場所的準確位置。因此,研究適合室內(nèi)環(huán)境的定位技術(shù),開發(fā)滿足行業(yè)用戶和大眾化應用需求的定位系統(tǒng)移動計算領域的研究熱點之一。本文的研究工作是在近些年來無線局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展和廣泛普及的時代背景下,結(jié)合智能移動服務對定位導航技術(shù)、位置服務等新的需求而產(chǎn)生的。 本文對這一基于時間測量的室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)進行了較深入、系統(tǒng)的研究,并針對影響定位精度的關(guān)鍵因素加以歸納分析,并提出了相應的優(yōu)化算法。通過與現(xiàn)有方法的比較分析,以及原型系統(tǒng)的實驗驗證,證明了本文的一系列優(yōu)化算法具有一定的可行性。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點歸納如下： (1)基于異步偽距差的室內(nèi)定位方法的研究。本文提出了基于距離差的往返時間測量法,往返時間法(RTT)測量由目標終端主動發(fā)送的定位請求信號經(jīng)過接入點處理返回的總的循環(huán)時間,以此避免對時鐘同步的需求。同時采用偽距差法能夠減少臨近接入點因傳播途中所受同源干擾造成的測量偏差。 (2)往返時間算法中系統(tǒng)處理延時的實時測定。傳統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)延時測定往往采用預先測值法來求得,在以后的定位使用中,沿用預先測量到的系統(tǒng)處理延時。這種方法的特點是,初步測量的延時在以后的使用中保持不變,無法實時改變。本文所述的方法將在每次信號傳遞到接入點端時開始計時,在信號傳遞回給目標終端時將計時數(shù)據(jù)打包,同其它信息一起返回,終端根據(jù)收到的實時測定結(jié)果來計算位置,具有較高的定位精度。 (3)以高斯“背景”模型的方式實現(xiàn)測量結(jié)果對動態(tài)環(huán)境的自適應。本文提出了一種“背景”建模的方法,解決測量數(shù)據(jù)變化后的自適應選取：將定位過程開始首段統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果看作“背景”,“背景”為有效統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的合集。由于終端在室內(nèi)場所的移動過程通常是緩慢的線性變化,當環(huán)境主動短時間變化,“背景”將保持不變,而當環(huán)境被動改變或長時間改變時,則將“新環(huán)境”(新的測試結(jié)果)線性的融入到“背景”中,形成新的“背景”數(shù)據(jù),定位過程正是基于“背景”數(shù)據(jù)來測量終端的位置。 (4)研究基于定位高程坐標來優(yōu)化水平定位結(jié)果的方法。目標大多數(shù)情況下在室內(nèi)的活動處于離散的平面空間內(nèi),高度值趨于穩(wěn)定,往往在該樓層高度值的1-2米之內(nèi)。有基于此,本文提出了一種基于高度誤差來優(yōu)化水平定位結(jié)果的方法,通過對多次測量結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),予以評估,進一步剔除高度偏差較大的測量結(jié)果,以達到優(yōu)化測試數(shù)據(jù)的目的。 (5)研究以加權(quán)投票的方式實現(xiàn)定位信號接入點的實時選擇。本文將研究一種加權(quán)投票方式來實現(xiàn)接入點的實時選取,其基本原理是選取信號傳播途中,所受干擾相同的兩個臨近接入點,采用本文的距離差法計算兩者信號傳播的距離差,盡可能的保證信號傳播途徑中同源誤差的去除。加權(quán)投票的方式主要用于接入點“臨近”程度的判定。
[Abstract]:With the advent and development of smart mobile devices , such as smart phones , laptops , tablets , etc . , mobile Internet has been widely used . The location - based service is one of the most widely used services . In mobile Internet , LBS has been able to provide users with high - precision and high - stability services .

In this paper , the indoor positioning technology based on time measurement is researched deeply and systematically , and the key factors influencing the positioning accuracy are analyzed , and the corresponding optimization algorithm is put forward . Through the comparison and analysis of the existing methods and the experimental verification of the prototype system , it is proved that the series of optimization algorithms are feasible . The main research contents and the innovation points of the paper are summarized as follows :

A round - trip time measurement method based on distance difference is presented in this paper . The round - trip time method ( RTT ) is used to measure the total round - round time returned by the target terminal through the access point processing so as to avoid the need of clock synchronization .

The method is characterized in that the time delay of the preliminary measurement is kept unchanged in the later use and cannot be changed in real time . The method described in this paper will start timing when the signal is transmitted to the end of the access point , and then the time data is packaged and returned with other information when the signal is transmitted back to the target terminal , and the terminal calculates the position according to the received real - time measurement result , and has higher positioning accuracy .

In this paper , a method of " background " modeling is proposed to solve the adaptive selection of the dynamic environment . In this paper , a method of " background " modeling is proposed to solve the adaptive selection after data change . As a result , the moving process of the terminal in the indoor space is regarded as " background " and " background " is the combination of valid statistics .

( 4 ) The method of optimizing the horizontal positioning result based on the coordinate of the location is studied . In most cases , the activity in the room is in the discrete plane space , the height value tends to be stable , often within 1 - 2 meters of the height value of the floor . Based on this , this paper presents a method for optimizing the horizontal positioning result based on the height error .

( 5 ) The real - time selection of location signal access points is realized by means of weighted voting . In this paper , a weighted voting scheme is used to realize the real - time selection of access points . The basic principle is to select two adjacent access points which are the same as those in the way of signal propagation . The distance difference method is used to calculate the distance difference between the two signals , and the removal of homologous errors in the signal propagation path is ensured as much as possible . The way of weighted voting is mainly used for the determination of the proximity of access points .
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN925.93

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本文編號：1942084