本文選題：圓極化天線 + 移相器��； 參考：《北京郵電大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(CNSS)和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的快速推進(jìn),相關(guān)新型電子系統(tǒng)對(duì)其信號(hào)收發(fā)部件——天線性能提出了更高要求；然而,目前的圓極化定向微帶天線帶寬擴(kuò)展技術(shù)、雙頻技術(shù)、陣列天線技術(shù)均面臨應(yīng)用方面的技術(shù)難題。在此背景下,本論文主要面向CNSS和RFID系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用,首先提出全新的弱耦合線加載枝節(jié)混合型寬帶90度移相電路結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)計(jì)方法；然后以寬帶功分移相饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究為基礎(chǔ),先后提出并實(shí)現(xiàn)緊湊型寬帶多饋電圓極化定向微帶天線和雙頻圓極化定向RFID讀寫天線；最后,首次提出采用非對(duì)稱耦合線功分器和非均勻旋轉(zhuǎn)饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)圓極化定向陣列微帶天線。論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.提出弱耦合線加載枝節(jié)混合型移相器。 寬帶90度移相器是非常重要的微波器件,高性能多饋電圓極化天線要求其具有較大的帶寬、結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單、較好的設(shè)計(jì)可移植性、容易實(shí)現(xiàn)、加工成本低、便于安裝和使用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；而目前的移相器結(jié)構(gòu)很難同時(shí)滿足以上需求。本論文提出采用弱耦合線分別加載開(kāi)路枝節(jié)、階躍阻抗諧振器、扇形枝節(jié)實(shí)現(xiàn)混合型寬帶90度移相電路,利用奇偶模等效電路方法對(duì)所提出的電路結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行理論分析并給出設(shè)計(jì)方法；通過(guò)電磁仿真與試驗(yàn)測(cè)試對(duì)所提出的微帶單層移相電路結(jié)構(gòu)及性能進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證；結(jié)果表明所提出的寬帶90度移相器分別實(shí)現(xiàn)帶寬70.8%、105%和118%,性能滿足圓極化天線設(shè)計(jì)需求。該部分研究工作是本論文的基礎(chǔ),為圓極化定向微帶天線帶寬擴(kuò)展和雙頻技術(shù)的研究提供支撐。 2.面向CNSS雙模終端應(yīng)用,開(kāi)展圓極化定向微帶天線帶寬擴(kuò)展技術(shù)研究。 具備GPS兼容和互操作功能的CNSS雙模終端要求其天線頻段能夠覆蓋頻率范圍：1.227-2.492GHz,即相對(duì)帶寬大于68%；另外,便攜式終端要求天線具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、質(zhì)量輕等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本論文基于寬帶90度移相器,設(shè)計(jì)了寬帶功分移相饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò),同時(shí)提出采用四個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的部分扇形圓環(huán)耦合貼片實(shí)現(xiàn)寬帶圓極化饋電結(jié)構(gòu),在此基礎(chǔ)上提出并設(shè)計(jì)了緊湊型寬帶雙饋電圓極化定向微帶天線和緊湊型寬帶四饋電圓極化定向微帶天線。對(duì)天線進(jìn)行電磁仿真,然后加工組裝天線實(shí)物,并進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明所提的寬帶圓極化定向微帶天線實(shí)現(xiàn)帶寬72%,在帶寬擴(kuò)展技術(shù)研究上取得突破性進(jìn)展,同時(shí)天線結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,體積約為現(xiàn)有最小天線體積的四分之一；天線性能滿足CNSS雙模終端應(yīng)用需求。 3.面向雙頻RFID系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用,開(kāi)展圓極化定向微帶天線雙頻技術(shù)研究。 雙頻RFID系統(tǒng)要求圓極化定向讀寫天線實(shí)現(xiàn)單體雙頻工作,以降低系統(tǒng)成本、減小體積和質(zhì)量,提升產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。由于目前的雙頻圓極化定向天線很難實(shí)現(xiàn)大頻比的2.45/0.92GHz雙頻工作,因此相關(guān)的研究和報(bào)道很少,而且現(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)很難滿足實(shí)際應(yīng)用需求。本論文采用寬帶功分移相饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)組合雙頻輻射結(jié)構(gòu)的全新設(shè)計(jì)方案,開(kāi)展0.920/2.45GHz雙頻圓極化定向RFID讀寫天線研究,提出并設(shè)計(jì)了高增益雙頻圓極化定向天線和緊湊雙頻圓極化定向天線。天線設(shè)置一個(gè)端口,在兩個(gè)頻段上具有相同的極化方向,該結(jié)構(gòu)配置有益于雙頻RFID系統(tǒng)射頻前端單體雙頻架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)電磁仿真和試驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果對(duì)比方法,對(duì)天線結(jié)構(gòu)和性能進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。天線在兩個(gè)頻段上均具有滿足應(yīng)用需求的帶寬、增益、軸比和輻射方向圖。 4.基于非對(duì)稱耦合線功分器和非均勻旋轉(zhuǎn)饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò),開(kāi)展圓極化旋轉(zhuǎn)陣列天線技術(shù)研究。 遠(yuǎn)距離高定向性RFID系統(tǒng)要求圓極化微帶陣列天線不僅具有高增益,同時(shí)還必須具有較低的旁瓣電平、較高的前后比和較窄的波束寬度,確保以高準(zhǔn)確率進(jìn)行讀寫的同時(shí),盡量降低對(duì)相鄰區(qū)域以及后方區(qū)域范圍的干擾。本論文提出采用非對(duì)稱耦合線功分器和非均勻旋轉(zhuǎn)饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)組合方案,開(kāi)展旋轉(zhuǎn)陣列天線技術(shù)研究,設(shè)計(jì)了2.45GHz圓極化16單元旋轉(zhuǎn)定向微帶共面陣列天線。以T形結(jié)功分器和均勻旋轉(zhuǎn)饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)陣列天線技術(shù)作為參考,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)測(cè)試和性能對(duì)比方法驗(yàn)證所提出的陣列天線技術(shù)以及性能提升效果。結(jié)果表明陣列天線的圓極化帶寬由8.2%增加為11.9%,帶內(nèi)回波損耗改善6dB以上,帶內(nèi)軸比降低0.9dB以上,天線的旁瓣和后向輻射性能得到有效改善。
[Abstract]:With the rapid advance of the related industrial planning related to the Beidou satellite navigation system (CNSS) and the Internet of things applications, the related new electronic systems have put forward higher requirements for the performance of their signal transceiver components, the antenna performance. However, the current circular polarization directional microstrip antenna bandwidth expansion technology, dual frequency technology and array antenna technology are all faced with applications. In this context, this paper is mainly oriented to the application of CNSS and RFID systems. First, we propose a new structure and design method for the weak coupled line loaded hybrid broadband 90 degree phase shift circuit. Then, based on the research of the broadband power shift phase feed network, the compact broadband and multi feed circular polarization directional microstrip is put forward and realized successively. Antenna and dual frequency circular polarization directional RFID read-write antenna. Finally, the design of circular polarized directional array microstrip antenna with asymmetric coupling line power divider and non-uniform rotating feed network is proposed for the first time. The research contents of this paper include the following aspects:
1. a weakly coupled line loaded branch type hybrid phase shifter is proposed.
Wide-band 90 degree phase shifter is a very important microwave device. High performance multi feed circular polarization antenna requires large bandwidth, simple structure and design, good design and portability, easy to implement, low machining cost, easy to install and use, and so on. We use the weak coupling line to load open branches, step impedance resonators and fan-shaped branches to realize the hybrid broadband 90 degree phase shift circuit. Using the parity mode equivalent circuit method, the proposed circuit structure is theoretically analyzed and the design method is given. Through electromagnetic simulation and test test, the proposed microstrip single-layer phase shift circuit structure is proposed. The results show that the proposed broadband 90 degree phase shifter realizes the bandwidth 70.8%, 105% and 118% respectively. The performance meets the design requirements of the circular polarized antenna. This part of the research work is the basis of this paper, which provides support for the research of the bandwidth expansion and dual frequency technology of the circular polarized directional microstrip antenna.
2. for CNSS dual mode terminal applications, we develop the technology of bandwidth expansion for circularly polarized microstrip antennas.
CNSS dual mode terminals with GPS compatibility and interoperability require that the antenna band can cover the frequency range: 1.227-2.492GHz, that is, the relative bandwidth is greater than 68%. In addition, the portable terminal requires the antenna to have the advantages of compact structure and light quality. Based on the broadband 90 degree phase shifter, a broadband power shift phase feed network is designed. A wide-band circular polarization feeding structure is realized by using four rotated sector circular ring coupling patches. On this basis, a compact broadband dual feed circular polarized directional microstrip antenna and a compact broadband four circular polarized directional microstrip antenna are proposed and designed. The electromagnetic imitation of the antenna is carried out and the antenna is fabricated and tested. The test results show that the bandwidth of the wideband circular polarization directional microstrip antenna is 72%. It has made a breakthrough in the research of bandwidth expansion technology. At the same time, the antenna structure is compact and the volume is about 1/4 of the existing minimum antenna volume. The antenna performance meets the needs of the CNSS dual mode terminal.
3. for dual frequency RFID system applications, the dual frequency technology of circularly polarized microstrip antennas is researched.
Dual frequency RFID system requires circular polarization directional read-write antenna to achieve single frequency dual frequency work, in order to reduce system cost, reduce volume and quality, improve product competitiveness. Because the current dual frequency circular polarization directional antenna is difficult to achieve 2.45/0.92GHz dual frequency work with large frequency ratio, so the related research and report are very few, and the existing structure is difficult to meet. In this paper, a new design scheme of dual frequency radiation structure of broadband power shift phase feed network is used in this paper. The research of 0.920/2.45GHz dual frequency circular polarization directional RFID reading and writing antenna is carried out. A high gain double frequency circular polarization directional antenna and compact dual frequency circular polarization directional antenna are proposed and designed. The antenna is set up at two. The frequency band has the same polarization direction. The configuration is beneficial to the design of the dual frequency structure of the RF front end of the dual frequency RFID system. The antenna structure and performance are verified by the electromagnetic simulation and experimental test results. The antenna has the bandwidth, the gain, the axis ratio and the radiation pattern on the two frequency bands.
4. based on asymmetric coupled power divider and non-uniform rotary feed network, circular polarization rotated array antenna technology is studied.
The long distance and high directional RFID system requires that the circularly polarized microstrip array antenna not only has high gain, but also has a lower sidelobe level, a higher back-back ratio and a narrower beam width to ensure a high accuracy rate for reading and writing, as well as to minimize interference to the adjacent area and the area of the rear area. This paper proposes to use this paper. An asymmetric coupled linear power divider and an inhomogeneous rotating feed network combination scheme and the research of rotating array antenna technology are carried out. The 2.45GHz circular polarization 16 unit rotation directional microstrip coplanar array antenna is designed. The T junction power divider and the uniform rotating feed network array antenna are taken as a reference, and the test test and performance comparison method are verified. The proposed array antenna technology and performance enhancement results show that the circular polarization bandwidth of the array antenna is increased from 8.2% to 11.9%, the echo loss in the band is improved by more than 6dB, the inner axis ratio is reduced by more than 0.9dB, and the sidelobe and backward radiation performance of the antenna can be effectively improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN822

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 王瑞濤;趙宇寧;丁君;郭陳江;;一種新型寬帶圓極化天線的分析與設(shè)計(jì)[J];電子設(shè)計(jì)工程;2014年19期

2 洪鐵山;;寬帶圓極化陣列天線設(shè)計(jì)[J];網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全技術(shù)與應(yīng)用;2014年11期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 王世偉;雙圓極化微帶陣列天線及高增益圓極化微帶天線的設(shè)計(jì)[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2013年

2 高鵬程;一種新型雙頻雙圓極化微帶天線的設(shè)計(jì)[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2014年

3 劉志剛;北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)多制式終端微帶天線研究與設(shè)計(jì)[D];華東師范大學(xué);2014年

4 李晉琳;X波段寬頻帶圓極化陣列天線研究[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2014年

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本文編號(hào)：1941069