本文選題：水下 + 可見(jiàn)光通信��； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)，海底觀測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)，成為海洋地質(zhì)調(diào)查、海洋內(nèi)環(huán)境觀測(cè)、礦物資源勘探的重要技術(shù)手段。而作為其技術(shù)支撐的水下聲、光傳感器和以自主式載人和非載人潛航器（AUV、ROV）為代表的水下潛航器械的快速發(fā)展，在給科研和工程帶來(lái)極大便利的同時(shí)，也對(duì)所使用的水下通信方法的連續(xù)性、高效性、高速性和系統(tǒng)性有著更高的要求。當(dāng)前主要的幾種水下通信方式有：水聲通信、超低頻無(wú)線電通信和鋪設(shè)海底光纜。但與水下可見(jiàn)光通信技術(shù)相比，還存在著通信距離短，通信速率低，設(shè)備龐大、昂貴、不利于集成，方向性、保密性差等方面的缺點(diǎn)。 相比較而言，基于可見(jiàn)光的水下通信技術(shù)具有通信速率高、費(fèi)用低、儀器體積小巧、易集成以及保密性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由于激光調(diào)制的調(diào)制速率高，單脈沖能量高，水下可見(jiàn)光通信可以達(dá)到更高的通信速率（幾百兆到千兆的傳輸速率），更寬的通信帶寬；大功率發(fā)光二極管和激光二極管的不斷更新?lián)Q代，光探測(cè)器的技術(shù)發(fā)展，一方面使得光源體積越來(lái)越小，并能更好地集成在各種科考系統(tǒng)中；另一方面，器件價(jià)格的低廉似使得系統(tǒng)的成本更低；激光的發(fā)散角小，方向性好，不但減小了光在傳輸過(guò)程中的能量損耗，也保證了通信的保密性；另外，可見(jiàn)光對(duì)電磁的抗干擾能力更強(qiáng)，不容易受海洋內(nèi)環(huán)境變化的影響，在水下通信能實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的穩(wěn)定性。 因此，本文就基于可見(jiàn)光的水下通信的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)做了研究和分析，具體研究方法及成果如下： （a）針對(duì)水下可見(jiàn)光通信的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)分別做了對(duì)比分析：對(duì)通信的海水信道特性，分別從吸收、散射和其他因素給出分析模型；對(duì)光調(diào)制技術(shù)和光電探測(cè)技術(shù)結(jié)合原理和現(xiàn)存技術(shù)做了分析；對(duì)水下可見(jiàn)光通信的編碼方式做了對(duì)比分析。 （b）設(shè)計(jì)了基于532nm激光器和光電倍增管的光收發(fā)鏈路，具體根據(jù)所選器件設(shè)計(jì)了光接收電路、調(diào)理電路、耦合電路、電平轉(zhuǎn)換電路、單片機(jī)控制電路，并編寫(xiě)了單片機(jī)軟件和上位機(jī)軟件，，搭建了完整的水下可見(jiàn)光收發(fā)平臺(tái)。 （c）針對(duì)當(dāng)前集中常用的編碼方式，利用單片機(jī)軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了各種編碼方式的通信調(diào)制，包括開(kāi)關(guān)量直接調(diào)制（OOK），曼徹斯特編碼（ManchesterCoding）、4位和16位的脈位調(diào)制（PPM）。 （d）設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)室調(diào)試和水下通信實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)可見(jiàn)光在通信編碼方面的表現(xiàn)特性和水介質(zhì)中的傳播特性有了更直觀的認(rèn)識(shí)，也通過(guò)一個(gè)量化的評(píng)估對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象進(jìn)行評(píng)估測(cè)量。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of seabed observation network has become an important technical means for marine geological survey, marine environmental observation and mineral resource exploration. The rapid development of underwater acoustical instruments, as their technical support, and the rapid development of underwater vehicles represented by autonomous manned and non manned subcarrier (AUV, ROV), is brought to scientific research and engineering. At the same time, it also has higher requirements for the continuity, efficiency, high speed and systematicness of the underwater communication methods used. The main types of underwater communication are underwater acoustic communication, ultra low frequency radio communication and laying submarine optical cable. Low speed, large and expensive equipment are not conducive to integration, directionality and poor security.
In comparison, underwater communication technology based on visible light has the advantages of high communication rate, low cost, compact size, easy integration and good secrecy. Because of high modulation rate and high single pulse energy, underwater visible light communication can achieve higher communication rate (several hundred megabytes to Gigabit transmission rates) and wider communication. The bandwidth of the letter, the continuous updating and replacement of the high-power LED and the laser diode, the development of the photodetector, on the one hand, make the light source smaller and smaller, and can be better integrated in various science systems. On the other hand, the low price of the device makes the system lower, the laser's divergence angle is small and the direction is good. However, the energy loss in the transmission process is reduced and the communication security is guaranteed. In addition, the visible light has a stronger anti-interference ability to the electromagnetic, and it is not easy to be affected by the changes in the ocean environment, and the underwater communication can achieve better stability.
Therefore, the key technologies of underwater communication based on visible light are studied and analyzed in this paper. The specific research methods and results are as follows:
(a) the key technologies for underwater visible light communication are compared and analyzed. The characteristics of communication sea water channel are analyzed from absorption, scattering and other factors respectively. The combination principle of optical modulation and photoelectric detection technology and the existing technology are analyzed, and the coding mode of underwater visible light communication is compared and analyzed.
(b) the optical transceiver link based on 532nm laser and photomultiplier is designed. According to the selected devices, the optical receiving circuit, the conditioning circuit, the coupling circuit, the level conversion circuit, the MCU control circuit are designed, and the software of single-chip microcomputer and the host computer are written, and a complete underwater visible light transceiver platform is set up.
(c) in view of the current centralized coding methods, the communication modulation of various encoding methods is realized by using single chip software, including direct modulation (OOK), Manchester code (ManchesterCoding), 4 bit and 16 bit pulse position modulation (PPM).
(d) the laboratory test and underwater communication experiment are designed. The performance characteristics of the visible light in the communication coding and the propagation characteristics in the water medium are more intuitively understood, and the experimental objects are evaluated and measured by a quantified evaluation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN929.3

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