發(fā)布時間：2018-05-12 18:27

  本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 + 實時性　； 參考：《蘭州大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡綜合了傳感器技術、嵌入式計算機技術、網(wǎng)絡與無線通信技術、分布式信息處理技術等,能夠通過各種微型傳感器協(xié)作實時監(jiān)測、感知和采集各種環(huán)境或監(jiān)測對象的信息,通過嵌入式系統(tǒng)處理信息,通過隨機自組織無線網(wǎng)絡以多跳中繼方式將感知信息匯集到數(shù)據(jù)中心。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡具有無需固定設備支撐,快速部署、自組網(wǎng),不受有線網(wǎng)絡約束的特點,無線傳感網(wǎng)絡可被廣泛的應用于國防軍事、工業(yè)控制、城市交通、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、大型公共活動等社會信息化服務的各個領域。本文主要從無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡實時性方面展開研究。分析了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡延遲的主要因素：節(jié)點內(nèi)排隊時延和節(jié)點間鏈路時延,分析了簡單優(yōu)先級調(diào)度算法與IEEE802.15.4協(xié)議的退避策略及算法,提出了節(jié)點系統(tǒng)動態(tài)優(yōu)先級分組調(diào)度算法和支持優(yōu)先級的CSMA/CA算法,并使用OPNET仿真分析評價了算法性能。動態(tài)優(yōu)先級調(diào)度算法將結點緩沖區(qū)負載分為低、中、高階段,對路由信息和數(shù)據(jù)信息進行優(yōu)先級分組,特別對數(shù)據(jù)信息進行不同優(yōu)先級分組,根據(jù)節(jié)點系統(tǒng)緩沖區(qū)負載變化,動態(tài)調(diào)整路由分組優(yōu)先級改善網(wǎng)絡的傳輸性能。仿真分析顯示,低負載階段,動態(tài)優(yōu)先級調(diào)度算法與簡單優(yōu)先級調(diào)度算法執(zhí)行相同的調(diào)度策略,但由于對數(shù)據(jù)分組進行了優(yōu)先級設置,數(shù)據(jù)分組平均時延有所減少；中度負載階段,降低部分高優(yōu)先級分組的級別,數(shù)據(jù)分組平均時延比簡單優(yōu)先級調(diào)度策略降低；高負載階段,采取一定的丟棄策略和優(yōu)先級分配策略,可進一步降低了網(wǎng)絡的平均時延。支持優(yōu)先級CSMA/CA算法,通過設置競爭窗口CW值和退避指數(shù)BE值改善網(wǎng)絡的傳輸性能。仿真結果顯示,支持優(yōu)先級的CSMA/CA算法能夠提升網(wǎng)絡中高優(yōu)先級和中優(yōu)先級分組的吞吐量,降低其平均時延,而且平均吞吐量和平均時延均有所改善。該算法通過調(diào)整CW值和BE值提供適應業(yè)務數(shù)據(jù)實時性要求的傳輸服務。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network integrates sensor technology, embedded computer technology, network and wireless communication technology, distributed information processing technology and so on. Sensing and collecting the information of various environment or monitoring objects, processing the information through embedded system, collecting the perceptual information to the data center by the way of multi-hop relay through random ad hoc wireless network. Wireless sensor network (WSN) has the characteristics of no fixed equipment support, rapid deployment, self-organizing network, and not restricted by wired network. Wireless sensor network can be widely used in defense, military, industrial control, urban traffic, environmental monitoring, wireless sensor network can be widely used in national defense, industrial control, urban traffic, environmental monitoring. Large-scale public activities and other social information services in all areas. This paper focuses on the real-time research of wireless sensor networks. This paper analyzes the main factors of delay in wireless sensor networks, including queueing delay within nodes and link delay between nodes, and analyzes the Backoff strategy and algorithm of simple priority scheduling algorithm and IEEE802.15.4 protocol. A dynamic priority grouping scheduling algorithm and a priority-supporting CSMA/CA algorithm are proposed, and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated by OPNET simulation. Dynamic priority scheduling algorithm divides node buffer load into low, middle and high stages, and carries on priority grouping for routing information and data information, especially for different priority groups of data information, according to the change of buffer load in node system. Dynamically adjust routing packet priority to improve the transmission performance of the network. The simulation results show that the dynamic priority scheduling algorithm performs the same scheduling strategy as the simple priority scheduling algorithm in the low load phase, but the average delay of the data packet is reduced due to the priority setting of the data packet. In the middle load stage, the average delay of data packet is lower than that of simple priority scheduling strategy, while in high load stage, some drop and priority allocation strategies are adopted, the average delay of data packet is lower than that of simple priority scheduling strategy. It can further reduce the average delay of the network. The priority CSMA/CA algorithm is supported to improve the transmission performance of the network by setting the CW value of the competition window and the Backoff index be value. Simulation results show that the priority-supported CSMA/CA algorithm can improve the throughput of high-priority and medium-priority packets, reduce the average delay, and improve both the average throughput and the average delay. By adjusting the CW and be values, the algorithm provides a transmission service that can meet the real-time requirements of traffic data.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號：1879669